小学英语-名词种类及单复数变化ppt课件

Whatcanmoneybuy?名词种类及单复数变化1Whatcanmoneybuy?•Food?•House?•Toysorclothes?•Morefun?•Life?2Whatcanmoneybuy?VictorHugoMoneycanbuyabedbutnotsleep;Bookbutnotknowledge;Foodbutnotappetite;['æpə,taɪt]Finerybutnotbeauty;Ahousebutnotahome;Medicinebutnothealth;Luxuriesbutnotculture;Amusementsbutnothappiness;Apassporttoeverywherebutnotheaven.3Moneycanbuyabedbutnotsleep;钱能买到床，但买不到睡眠；Bookbutnotknowledge;钱能买到书，但买不到知识；Foodbutnotappetite;钱能买到食品，但买不到胃口；Finerybutnotbeauty;钱能买到服饰，但买不到美丽；Ahousebutnotahome;钱能买到房舍，但买不到家；Medicinebutnothealth;钱能买到药品，但买不到健康；Luxuriesbutnotculture;钱能买到奢侈品，但买不到教养；Amusementsbutnothappiness;钱能买到娱乐，但买不到幸福；Apassporttoeverywherebutnotheaven.钱能买到护照走遍世界，但进不了天堂。4Whatcanmoneybuy?VictorHugoMoneycanbuyabedbutnotsleep;Bookbutnotknowledge;Foodbutnotappetite;Finerybutnotbeauty;Ahousebutnotahome;Medicinebutnothealth;Luxuriesbutnotculture;Amusementsbutnothappiness;Apassporttoeverywherebutnotheaven.56•个体名词：boy,girl,teacher,school,book,room,pen,pencil,desk,apple…具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。78•抽象名词•happiness,misery,difficulty,•love,honesty,courage•••不能看到的抽象概念。9二.名词种类与名词的数1）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。2）个体名词通常都是可数的。3）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。people,police,trousers,glasses4）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。10特殊情况：１.有些名词,如:family,class,team等既可用作单数又可用作复数。•当强调整体时，常用作单数；•当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例：Thefamilyisquitebig.这是个大家庭。Thefamilyareenjoyingthemselvesinthepark.家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。112）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数词，但词义有所不同。sand沙sands沙滩wood木头woods森林fish鱼肉fish鱼orange橙汁anorange桔子chicken鸡肉achicken小鸡room空间、余地aroom房间12三.可数名词复数变化规则1.一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boyspen→pens,doctor→doctors2.以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes3.以o结尾的词加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios缩写词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos13三.可数名词复数变化规则144.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v，再加-es，如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,half→halves5.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”，再加-es,如：city→cities,factory→factories但注意：以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days6.不规则变化man-men,woman-womenfoot-feet,tooth-teethchild-children,ox-oxen，mouse-micefish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer157.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律ChineseChinese中国人JapaneseJapanese日本人FrenchmanFrenchmen法国人EnglishmanEnglishmen英国人GermanGermans德国人AmericanAmericans美国人EgyptianEgyptians埃及人RussianRussians俄国人ItalianItalians意大利人16this–that–I–you–he/she/it–am/is–thesethoseweyoutheyare单数复数17不规则名词复数变化三this-------that-------I-----------me--------you-------he/she/it/--him/her/it-am/is------thesethoseweusyoutheythemare18句子单数变复数1.Thisisabook.2.Thatisaneraser.3.Itisaredapple.4.Iamaboy.5.He/Sheisateacher.6.What’sthis?Thesearebooks.Thoseareerasers.Theyareredapples.Weareboys.Theyareteachers.What’rethese?19复数句子变单数句子Thesearedictionaries.单数一般疑问句,并作肯定回答划线提问Thisisadictionary.Arethesedictionaries?Yes,theyare.Whatarethese?20四.不可数名词数量的表示1.of短语：不能说onebread，但是可以说：onepieceofbreadtwopiecesofbread2.量词：1）只能用来修饰不可数名词：alittle，much，abitof2）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词：some,alotof,lotsof21四.不可数名词数量的表示22特别的的复数形式：单复数同形：deer(鹿);sheep(绵羊);people(人们);police(警察)注意：fishes指鱼的种类。不可数名词可量化：数词+量词+of+不可数名词twopiecesofnews/paper/work/bread/meatabottleofmilk/waterthreebowlsofricetencupsoftea注意：twopapers：两张试卷P7623名词的所有格：1大多数表示生命的单数名词或不以-S结尾的复数名词，直接加’s如：我哥哥的瓶子：mybrother’sbottle;我孩子们的玩具mychildren’stoys2共同拥有的：LucyandLily’s各自拥有的：Lucy’sandLily’s注意：不管单复数,只要以s结尾,所有格形式在后面直接加’即可。如老师办公室theteachers’office;注意：atMr.White’s在怀特家;atthedoctor’s在医生诊所。拓展：the+形容词表示一类人，谓语动词用复数如：老人们很开心：Theoldareveryhappy.theWhites怀特一家人；怀特夫妇。24无生命的名词的所有格的习惯表达：结构为：of+名词如：房子的门：thedoorofthehouse书的封面：thecoverofthebook注意：有些习惯表达是这样的：今天的报纸：today’snewspaper十个小时的工作:tenhours’work双重所有格：即of+所有格我姐姐的一个朋友：afriendofmysister’s我哥哥的两个儿子：twosonsofmybrother’s我的一个朋友：afriendofmine注意：aphotoofmyfather’s(意为我父亲的照片有许多张，这是其中一张)aphotoofmyfather(一张我父亲的照片，照片本人就是我父亲)25练习1.—Whatdoyouwant?—Iwant___.A.pieceofbreadB.twopieceofbreadC.abreadD.somebread2.___isstandingatthecornerofthestreet.A.ApoliceB.ThepoliceC.PoliceD.ApolicemanDD263.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horse4.The_______hastwo___________.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch5.BothMarxandEngleswere_____.A.GermanB.GermansC.GermanyD.fromGerman273.Canyouseenine________inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horse4.The_______hastwo___________.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch5.BothMarxandEngleswere_____.A.GermanB.GermansC.GermanyD.fromGerman286.Everymorningbeforeheleaves,hismotherwouldputsome______inhisbag.A.orangeB.oranges7.Weallbelievethatourteam____thestrongestofall.A.isB.are29A.orangeB.oranges7.Weallbelievethatourteam____thestrongestofall.A.isB.are6.Everymorningbeforeheleaves,hismotherwouldputsome______inhisbag.30Haveaniceday!31