语言与文化-论文(英文)

1TheRelationbetweenLanguageandCultureAbstract:Differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures,andalsodifferentlanguage.Languageandcultureareinterdependentandinteractional.Languageisoneofthemostimportantcarriersofculture.Ontheotherhand,culturehaveagreatimpactonlanguage,thatiscultureconditioning.Knowingthelanguageandculturalbackgroundscanhelpourcommunication.Instead,itwillcausemanycommunicativebarriers.Inthispaper,wesummarizetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Andexampletoexplainit’simpactoncross-culturecommunication.摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。keywords:language,cultures,relationship,communication关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际1.IntroductionAsweallknowthatdifferentcountrieshavedifferentcultures,andalsodifferentlanguage.Languageandcultureareinterdependentandinteractional.Languageisoneofthemostimportantcarriersofculture.Ontheotherhand,culturehaveagreatimpactonlanguage,thatiscultureconditioning.Languageplaysaveryimportantroleinallhumanactivity.It’soneoftheindispensablepartofthesociallifeofhuman.Youcannotimaginetheworldwouldbewithoutlanguage.Nevertheless,thephenomenonofhumanlanguageissomysticalthatpeopledonotacquaintitentirelysofar.Cultureistheproductofsociallifeandnationalspirit.Inotherwords,cultureisthegeneticcodeofdifferenceamongthevariousnation,countryandregion.Everycountryhasitsowncultureformationandindividuality.Thisspecialcultureisoneofthemostimportantsourceofaffinityandcohesionofacountry.Forthisreason,wemustprotectanddevelopthecultureofthevariousnation,countryandregion,keepvarietyofourglobalculture.2.RelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureRelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturecanbesummarizedasthefollowing:(1).Languageispartofculture.Likeotherculturalphenomenon,languageisalsoasocialphenomenon,itoccurredwiththeproductionofsociety,anddevelopswiththedevelopmentofsociety.Thelanguageiswithnationality,differentnationalitiesoftenhavedifferentlanguages;Languageisalsohumancreation.Itisthemostimportantspiritualwealthofhumansociety.Wecansaythatlanguagehasalltheattributesofculture,solanguageisalsoakindofculture,oneofthemanyculturalphenomenons.Thehumanlanguageisnotonlyanintegralpartofculture,andalsothemostimportantpart.(2).Languageisthemaincarrierofculture.Althoughlanguageispartofculture,otherculturalphenomenongenerallycan'texistbeingindependentfromlanguage.Onlythroughlanguage,culturecanbepreserved,extendedandspread.2(3).Languageisthefoundationofthedevelopmentofculture.Whenwesaidtheculturaldevelopment,it'spointingtothedevelopmentontheoriginalbasiswhichispreservedandspreadbylanguage.Thedevelopmentofculturecannotdowithoutthinking,andthinkingactivitycannotdowithoutthelanguage:thedevelopmentofculturemustrelyonthecollectiveofcreationofsocialmembers.Onlybyusinglanguagewhichisagoodcommunicationtool,cansocialmemberscommunicateandachievemutualunderstanding.Differentcultureshouldlearnfromeachotherthroughlanguage.Aboveall,culturemustuselanguageastoolstodevelop.So,thelanguageisthefoundationofthedevelopmentofculture.Aboveall,wecanconcludethatlanguageandculturenotonlyincloserelationship,butalsothespecialrelationship.3.CultureandlanguageinthelanguagecommunicationBecauselanguageispartofculture,alsothecarrierofcultureandfoundationofculturaldevelopment,itcanreflectthecharacteristicsofnationalcultureandtheculturaldifferencesbetweendifferentnationalitiestoamaximumextent.Fromdifferentnationalities'languages,wecanfindtheevidencesofdifferentnationality'svalues,isornotstandard,customs,andreligiousbeliefs,socialsystem,andsoon.Theseculturalfactorshaverestrictiononlanguageandlanguagecommunication.Buthisownpeoplearenotalwayseasytodetectthat.Onlythroughthecomparisonofthedifferentnationality'slanguageandlanguagecommunication,itcanberevealed.Theso-calledlanguagecommunicationculture,isaspecialculturalfactorimpliedinthelanguagesystemwhichreflectsanation'smentalstate,values,lifestyle,moralstandards,nonstandard,aesthetictaste,andthecustomsandhabitsetc.Thisculturalfactorsmainlyreflectsinthewordssystem,grammarsystemandpragmaticsystemoflanguage.WewillillustratesomeexamplesofcultureinthelanguagecommunicationthroughcomparisonbetweenChinaandWesternCountries.3.1greetingDuetothedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturetraditionandcustoms,thewayofgreetingis,ofcourse,notthesame.BecauseChinaisalongperiodoffarmingcommunity,there’slotof‘food’inthedailyexpression.Whenpeoplemeetwitheachother,theywillsay‘haveyoueaten?’forgreeting.Thiswayofgreetingisjustthesameas‘hi’or‘hello’inwesterncountry.InChina,itisacommonwaytosay‘hello’,butthewesternpeopledon’tthinkso.Theymaythinkthisgreetingseemstobesaying:‘Ihavenothingtoeat.Comeon.Let’sgotoeatsomething.’Or‘Iwasgoingtoaskyoutogotomyhouseforadinner.’Allinall,thismeansthatsay‘hello’invitationtodinnersometimes.Anotherwayofgreetinginchinais‘whereareyougoing?’or‘wherehaveyoubeen?’.Inchina,thisgreetingisjustpoliteformula.Butifyouusethesesentencestogreettowesternpeople,theywillfeelunhappy.Theirreactionislikelytobe:it’snoneofyourbusiness!Westernpeopl