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AmericanmusicMusicMusicismorethanjustsound---itisawayofthinking!Whenwelistentomusic,singanddance,orplayaninstrument,wearealsobecomingbetterthinkers.Musicintelligenceisoneofoureighthumanintelligences.Wecanlearnlanguagefromsongsandchants咏唱.Somepeoplestudybetterwithmusicon!StylesofAmericanMusicJazzR&BRockandrollHiphop/rapCountrymusicLightmusicClassicalMusicClassicalMusic古典乐MedievalPeriod中世纪时期(1450年前)Majorinpoetry主要以诗篇为主Baroque巴洛克时期(约为公元1600—1750)Fantasia,overture幻想曲、序曲Classical古典主义时期(约公元1750—1820)Sonata奏鸣曲Romanticism浪漫主义时期(约为公元1820—1900)Thisperiodofmusicpaymoreattentiontoexpressone'smentalstateandsubjectivefeelings,thenaturalsceneryoftheperformancealsoincreasinglyprominent,thecreationofethnicandfolkmusicontheuseofmoreattentionandfrequent.这一时期的音乐更注重表达人的精神境界与主观感情,对自然景物的表现也愈加突出,创作上对民族和民间音乐的利用更加重视与频繁。LeonardBernstein伦纳德·伯恩斯坦(1918~1990)Themostoutstandingmusiccommandmaster美国最杰出的音乐指挥大师Heisaconductor,composers,performerscollection,educators,theoristsintheartworldmasters,itsartisticattainments.Theinternationalpublicopinionthinks,“heleftblankisdifficulttofillthe”.他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理论家于一身的艺术大师,其艺术造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为,“他所留下的空白是难以填补的”。RepresentativesJazz爵士乐Jazzisastyleofmusicthatoriginatedatthebeginningofthe20thcenturyinAfricanAmericancommunitiesintheSouthernUnitedStatesfromaconfluence[’kɔnflu:əns]汇集ofAfricanandEuropeanmusictraditions.Fromitsearlydevelopmentuntilthepresent,jazzhasincorporatedmusicfrom19thand20thcenturyAmericanpopularmusic.ElementsofJazzCommoninstrumentsusedinjazzmusicaretrumpet,piano,andsaxophone.Jazzisveryhardtodescribebecausetherearenowmanydifferentstylesofjazz.Improvisation[ɪm,prɔvɪ’zeɪʃən]即兴创作isakeyelement.Scat-singing拟声唱法isalsocommon.RepresentativesLouisArmstrong路易斯阿姆斯特朗(书包嘴大叔)LouisArmstrongwasthegreatestofallJazzmusicians.ArmstrongdefinedwhatitwastoplayJazz.Hisamazingtechnicalabilities,thejoyandspontaneity,andamazinglyquick,inventivemusicalmindstilldominateJazztothisday.路易斯·阿姆斯特朗出身新奥尔良贫民区,很小他父亲就抛弃家庭,不知所终,但困窘的生活并不影响少年阿姆斯特朗对音乐的追求,他在社会最底层长大,还曾经进过少年感化院,所幸他在感化院学会了吹短号(cornet),开始接触音乐,没几年的时间,18岁的阿姆斯特朗,已经是新奥尔良知名的演奏者了,成为当时最红的娃娃欧瑞KidOry乐团的短号手,1922年,加入奥立佛国王JoeKingOliver乐团,在前辈奥立佛的指导调教之下,阿姆斯特朗进步神速,逐渐建立起他作为一位伟大独奏者的地位。Therepresentativeworks:WhatawonderfulworldB.BennyGoodman古德曼BenjaminDavidBennyGoodman(May30,1909–June13,1986)wasanAmericanjazzandswingmusician,clarinetistandbandleader,knownastheKingofSwing.Inthemid-1930s,BennyGoodmanledoneofthemostpopularmusicalgroupsinAmerica.HisJanuary16,1938concertatCarnegieHallinNewYorkCityisdescribedbycriticBruceEderasthesinglemostimportantjazzorpopularmusicconcertinhistory:jazz's'comingout'partytotheworldof'respectable'music.[2]Goodman'sbandslaunchedthecareersofmanymajornamesinjazz.Duringaneraofsegregationhealsoledoneofthefirstwell-knownintegratedjazzgroups.Goodmancontinuedtoperformtonearlytheendofhislife,whileexploringaninterestinclassicalmusic.EllaFitzgerald艾拉·费兹杰拉雅号艾拉夫人(LadyElla,即爵士乐第一夫人,英文FirstLadyofjazz),美国歌手,被公认为20世纪最重要的爵士乐歌手之一,与比莉·霍利戴(BillieHoliday)和莎拉·沃恩(SarahVaughan)齐名。凭借著横跨三个八度音阶的歌喉,她以纯洁的音色、近乎完美无缺的分节和音准著称。当中,她的拟声吟唱(scatsinging),更特显出像喇叭声一样的即兴表演的才华。她亦被普遍认为是《GreatAmericanSongbook》歌曲的最佳演绎者之一。艾拉曾赢得13个格莱美奖,并分别被前美国总统里根和乔治·H·W·布什颁赠国家艺术勋章和总统自由勋章。R&B节奏蓝调Likejazz,R&BwasalsodevelopedbyblacksinAmericabutitisnewerthanjazzandmorepopularamongyoungpeopleinternationally.R&Bsongsareoftenaboutoeofthreethings:beinginlovefallingoutoflovesexRhythmandBluesisthefulltranslationof“R&B”.Today,R&Bmusichasbecomethepronounofblackpopular,althoughitismoreofakindofdifferenceinRap,Soul,Urbansong(musicbythesituation)typesofspecialaudienceandrecordcirclesmentioned.R&B的全名是Rhythm&Blues,一般译作“节奏布鲁斯”(R&B),时至今日,R&B已经成了黑人流行音乐的代名词,尽管它更多的是作为一种区别于说唱乐(Rap)、灵魂乐(Soul)、都市歌(Urban)的音乐种类被特殊的听众和唱片界人士提及。RepresentativesR.KellyR.KellyAmericanR&Bandrapmusicisthemostoutstandingsinger,songwriterandproducer,makinghimoneofthemusiccanalwaysverygoodmusicrapmusic,R&Bandsoulperfectconfluenceistogetherandcreatebeautifulmelody,thuscangetr.Kellyproducedalbumneverletthefans,andhehimselfsufferearor1990salbumsalesofthebestmalesinger.R.Kelly是美国R&B和说唱音乐中最出色的歌手,制作人和词曲作者之一,由他制作的音乐总能很好的把说唱音乐,R&B音乐以及灵魂乐完美的融合在一起并创造出优美的旋律,因而能够得到R.Kelly制作的专辑决不会让歌迷的耳朵受罪,同时他本人还是90年代专辑销量最好的男歌手之一。MariahCarey玛丽亚·凯莉Thebestsoul/R&Bsinger最佳灵魂乐/R&B女歌手Grammy格莱美音乐大奖R&Bsingerglobalsalesofthebest全球销量最佳R&B女歌手RockandRoll摇滚Rock&rollmusicisakindoftype,originatedinthe1940sand1950sendofearlyAmericanpop,quicklybecamepopularintheworld.Rockwithitsflexibleboldexpressionandpassionmusicrhythmexpressionofemotion,theyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.摇滚是一种音乐类型,起源于1940年代末期的美国,1950年代早期开始流行,迅速风靡全球。摇滚乐以其灵活大胆的表现形式和富有激情的音乐节奏表达情感,受到了全世界年轻人的喜爱。RepresentativesElvisAronPresley:“lovemetender”“Heartbreakhotel”猫王BillHaleywascalledthefatherofrock,founderoftherock.BillHaley被称为摇滚乐之父,也是摇滚乐的创始人。heavymetal重金属coryphaeus[,kɔri’fiəs]主唱者guitar吉他drum-set架子鼓keyboard键盘bass贝斯Passion激情Crazy疯狂Hiphop/rap说唱乐Hiphopis20yearsago-theAmericanstreetbeganablackculture,alsoreferringtorap.Hiphop-fourcultureincludesrhythmexpressiontospeak),(rhyme,playinganddancingstreet,crowturntableskillart
本文标题:美国音乐分类
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