高中英语构词法.ppt

Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝＋＝color-blind＋＝sleep-walksleep-walker1.合成名词(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard(2)adj+ncentralbankfastfood空调血压所得税信用卡中央银行快餐solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式by-producteditor-in-chief太阳系遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编2.合成形容词(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)3.合成动词及合成副词overeatbaby-sitempty-handed吃得太多看孩子一无所获的☼加前缀：happy---___happy☼加后缀：develop---develop_______☼既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）派生法（Derivation）---词缀法1.前缀:Pre-（前）Pre-reading,preview,prepayRe-(重新)Rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）incorrect,impossiblemis–（错误或失当）super-（超级）mini-（微小）misunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibusforetell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在……下，在……中）2.常见的后缀1).名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,ability,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion如：-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntary2）.形容词后缀：3）.副词性的词缀：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.recordn.记录v.记录LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是misunderstand缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)1.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.按括号内的要求改写下列单词:rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese5.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)foreignerssatisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation11.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspokenboilingkindnessexpensesbusiness17.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisilyFillintheblankswithproperwordsWiththe(1)____________(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmore(2)________moreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause(3)_______airpollution.Airpollutioniscaused(4)_____thefollowingreasons:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygive(5)______poisonousgases.25%o