生物医学中的植入式电子系统的现状与发展

320043ACTAELECTRONICASINICAVol.32No.3Mar.2004,,(,100084):.,,,,.:;;;:TN99:A:037222112(2004)0320462206AReviewoftheImplantableElectronicDevicesinBiologyandMedicineXIEXiang,ZHANGChun,WANGZhi2hua(DepartmentofElectronicEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Theimplantableelectronicsisplayingaveryimportantroleinthebiomedicalelectronics.Throughtheelaborateanalysesofallkindsoftypicalimpantabledevices,thispaperdescribesthesynthesizedmodelofimplantableelectronicdevices.Basedonthelatestdevelopmentinthisfield,thekeytechnique,challengesandpossiblesolutionsoftheimplementationoftheelectronicde2vicesarediscussed.Thispaperalsopresentsthetrendofthedevelopmentofimplantableelectronicdevices.Keywords:implantableelectronics;biomedicalelectronics;implantableelectronicdevice;biologyandmedicine;biomedicalelectronics1,,,.,.:().:(1);(2),,,;(3),,;(4),[1][2];(5)[36],.21.,,,,.2,.,:(1)[3,4];(2)[5,6];(3)[7];(4)[8];(5)[9];(6)[9,10];(7)[1,11,12],,,;(8)[13];(9)[1416];(10)[17,18].,,1..,,,:2002211208;:2003210203:(863)(No.2003AA1Z1100)©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1,.,,.:(1):(),ADC,.,,,,;,.,AC/DC,.,,,:;;;().(2):.:;.,,(),,.,,,,.ASICDSP,PC.3,,.(1).,.(330MHz)(30300MHz),[3]RF13156MHz[7]20MHz[14]40168MHz.RF1001,,[19,20].,:,,[3][21];,(,);,[20][22];[23];(300MHz3GHz)[24],,.(2)3643:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,.,GaAsBipolarBiCMOS,,CMOS,CMOS,.CMOSCMOSQ.RF,,(10mW)RF,,,,FSKOOK,2..2,2FSK,FSK,,.,,.2(3),.[3,14],118V3V[25,26].::AM[7]ASK[3]PAM[8],,Manchester[7];,,,,;,;I/O,I/O;;,,,.,I/O,,;.RTL.(4),VV,010KHz[26],(104[27])ADC,W[26,28].CMOS,(1/f).:;;CMOS.:(a)[26,29](ChopperStabilizationtechnique);(b)MOS[27];(c),PMOS,[30].,[27].,[31],.(5),,.:(:);(:);(:)..,,.(6).,,[11],[32].,.(7)()..:,,CMOS[33]CMOS[34];,,[35][36][37,38][44];[3941],,,;,(Nanote2chology)(MicroelectronicMechanism)[42,43],,4642004©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[41].(8),.,.[11];,[1][3].:,[45,46];,[47];[45],CMOS[48].(9),,.()[9],,[15,18].,,.4,,,[49],[50](MicroelectronicMechanism)[51],;,.:(1)(100nm),,..(2).,,.(3),,;,,.,.(4)().(5),..5,,,,,,.:[1]MiguelA,LNicolelis.Actionsfromthoughts[J].Nature,2001,409:403-407.[2]LoebGE,RichmondFJR,MooreWH,PeckRA.Designandfabri2cationofhermeticmicroelectronicimplants[A].MicrotechnologiesinMedicineandBiology,1stAnnualInternational,Conference[C].Lyon,France:MMB1AIC,2000.455-459.[3]SchwarzM,EweL,HijaziN,HostickaBJ,HuppertzJ,KolnsbergS,MokwaW,TrieuHK.Microimplantablevisualprostheses[A].Mi2crotechnologiesinMedicineandBiology,1stAnnualInternationalCon2ference[C].Lyon,France:MMB1AIC,2000.461-465.[4]EberhartZrenner.WillRetinalImplantsRestoreVision[J].Science,2002,295:1022-1025.[5]GermanovixW,ToumazouC.Designofamicropowercurrent2modelog2domainanalogcochlearimplant[J].CircuitsandSystemsII:AnalogandDigitalSignalProcessing,IEEETransactionson,2000,47(10):1023-1046.[6]LaizouPC.Signal2processingtechniquesforcochlearimplants[J].IEEEEngineeringinMedicineandBiologyMagazine,1999,18(3):34-46.[7]MouineJ,AmmarKA,ChtourouZ.Acompletelyprogrammableandveryflexibleimplantablepaincontroller[A].EngineeringinMedicineandBiologySociety,Proceedingsofthe22ndAnnualInternationalCon2ferenceoftheIEEE[C].Chicago,USA:EMBSP22AICIEEE,2000,2.1104-1107.[8]MouineJ,BrunnerD,ChtourouZ.Designandimplementationofamul2tichannelurinaryincontinenceprosthesis[A].EngineeringinMedicineandBiologySociety.Proceedingsofthe22ndAnnualInternationalCon2ferenceoftheIEEE[C].Chicago,USA:EMBSP22AICIEEE,2000,2.1100-1103.[9]MinM,ParveT,KukkV,KuhlbergA.Animplantableanalyzerofbio2impedancedynamics:mixedsignalapproach[A].InstrumentationandMeasurementTechnologyConference,2001.IMTC2001.Proceedingsofthe18thIEEE[C].Budapest,Hungary:ICTC2001PIEEE,2001,1.38-43.[10]BhadraN,KilgoreKL,PeckhamPH.Implantedstimulatorsforresto25643:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.rationoffunctioninspinalcordinjury[J].MedicalEngineeringandPhysics,2001,23(1):19-28.[11]JohanWessberg,ChristopherR,Stambaugh,JeraldD,Kralik,PamelaD,Beck,MarkLaubach,JohnK,Chapin,JungKimS,JamesBiggs,MandayamA,Srinivasan,MiguelAL,Nicolelis,Real2timepredictionofhandtrajectorybyensemblesofcorticalneuronsinprimates[J].Nature,2000,408:361-365.[12]Manal,Kurt,Gonzalez,RogerV,Lloyd,DavidG,Buchanan,ThomasS.Areal2timeEMG2drivenvirtualarm[J].ComputersinBiologyandMedicine,2002,32(1):25-36.[13]WesselsD.Implantablepacemakersanddefibrillators:deviceoverview&EMIconsiderations[A].ElectromagneticCompatibility,2002IEEEInternationalSymposium[C].USA:EC2002IEEEIS,2002,2.911-915.[14]ChatzandroulisS,TsoukalasD,NeukommPA.Aminiaturepressuresystemwithacapacitivesensorandapassivetelemetrylinkforuseinimplantableapplications[J].MicroelectromechanicalSystems,2000,9(1):18-23.[15]EggersT,DraegerJ,HilleK,MarschnerC,StegmaierP,BinderJ,LaurR.Wirelessintra2ocularpressuremonitoringsystemintegratedintoanartificiallens[A].MicrotechnologiesinMedicineandBiology,1stAn2nualInternational,Conference[C].Lyon,France:MMB1AIC,2000.466-469.[16]LiewLA,BrightVM.DisposableCMOScatheter2tippressuresensorforintr