关于人口老龄化--英语论文-绝对精髓

ThinkoftheworldpopulationagingAbstract:Populationagingisoneoftheworld'spopulationdevelopmenttendency.Oftheworld'spopulationagingandtheagingofthepopulationindevelopedcountriesthesametime.,China'sagingpopulationhasintensified.Theagingofthepopulationhaveissocialprogressandeconomicdevelopment.ThispaperwillanalysisaboutChineseandAmericanpopulationageing.But,theagingofthepopulationhasledtotheburdenoftheworkingpopulationgrowingproblemsaffectingsocialandeconomicdevelopment,legalsystemandothermaterialandthespiritofbuildingthenewrequirements.Sothe21stcenturytheagingofpopulationacrosstheworld.Keyworlds:PopulationoldagePopulationburdenSustainabledevelopment世界人口老龄化的思考摘要：在世界人口走向老龄化和发达国家人口老龄化发展的同时，中国人口老龄化也在加剧。人口老龄化的产生，正是社会进步、经济发展的结果。本文将通过对中国和美国的社会老龄化问题作出分析。然而，人口的老龄化就导致了劳动力人口负担不断增大的问题，影响了世界社会经济的发展，并对相应基础设施、法律制度等物质及精神各方面的建设提出了新的要求。关键词：人口老龄化；人口压力；可持续发展；OutlineAbstract(Chinese&English)1.Whatispoplutionaging?1.1IntroductionChineseagingproblem1.2IntroductionAmericanagingproblem2.Reason2.1ThereasonaboutChineseagingproblem2.2ThereasonaboutAmericanagingproblem3.Solution3.1Chinasolution3.2Americansolution4.Conclusion1.Whatispoplutionaging?Theproblemofoldageisknownasoneofthemostseriousproblemintoday'sworld.Theoldpeoplecanbeseeneverywhere.Asisshowninthegraph,thenumberofpeopleintheworldovertheageofsixtywillhaveincreasedto600millionbytheendofthiscentury.Andbythetime,therewillalsobetwiceasmanypeopleovertheageofeighty.Inthetenyearsbetween1970and1980,therewasa23.7%increaseinthenumberofpeopleagedoversixty-fiveintheindustrialworld,andanevenbiggerincreaseof38.2%inthedevelopingworld.Figure1.Internationalcomparisonofaverageannualincreaserates(%)ofelderlypopulations1.1IntroductionChineseagingproblemChinaformallybecameanagedsocietyin2000,whenthepopulationaged60oraboveaccountedfor10percentofits1.3billionpeople.Chinawillpaydearlyifitdoesnotactnowtobuildupanold-agesocialsecuritysystem,asitspopulationaged80orabovewillhit83millionby2050,apopulationexperthaswarned.Manycountrieswillexperienceagingpopulationsinthenextcenturybecauseofdecliningbirthandmortalityrates.Chinawillsoonjointheirranks.Accordingtostatistics,theagingofChina'spopulationwillapproachitspeakbythemiddleofthenextcentury,withthepercentageofthepeopleagedbeyond60makingup27.4percentofthetotal.Thatmeansoneoutofeveryfourpeoplewillbeelderly.TrendofPopulationinChinaPeriodPopulationaged60andaboveProportionoftotalpopulation199097.19million8.8%2003136million10.2%2010230million10.2%2020310million17.5%2050410million27.4%Asfortheissueofaging,itssituationhasbeengrowingincreasinglysevereinspiteofthefactmostpeoplearestillignorantoftheproblemsitbringsabout.Firstly,withfamiliesbecomingsmallerandlivingpaceescalating,itisevengraverforfamiliestocareforagedmembersadequately.Secondly,agingcausesarelativedeclineinworkingforceinthatfewerpeoplehavetosupporttheincreasingagedpeople.Consequently,theproductivityofthewholesocietyisaffectedtosomeextent.Thirdlyandmostimportantly,theagingofpopulationinChinaresultedfromthesuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanninghasnotbeensynchronizedwithnationaleconomicprogress.1.2IntroductionAmericanagingproblemAmericaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnitedStateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery]00Americansareover65.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,andbusiness.ThegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety——oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.Thefiscalconstraintsrelatedtoagingarewellknown,causedmainlybyspiralinghealthcareandpensioncosts.However,therepercussionsaremuchwider.Inanagingsociety,labormarkets,savingpatternsandmigrationflowswillchange.Mostworryingly,laborshortages,declininglabormarketflexibilityandslowingproductivityposeaseriousthreattogrowth.2.Reason2.1ThereasonaboutChineseagingproblemInChina,thenumberofpeoplereachingretirementageisgrowing,whilethenumberofworkingagepeopleisdeclining.Thenumberofpeopleaged80andolderisgrowingatafasterratethananyotheragegroupworldwide.Inthepastthreedecades,adramaticincreaseinlifeexpectancyunderpinnedbythestrictfamilyplanningpolicypromptedthegreatestdemographictransitionintheworld.Duringthreedecadesofeconomicexpansion,China'sgrowingworkforceaddedademographicdividendofabout2percentayeartoGDP.Withrapidaging,thesituationhasnowreversed.Thedemographicdividendisvanishing,whilethedependencyratioofchildrenandelderlyontheworkingagepopulationisincreasing.Thelaborforceshrankforthefirsttimein2012.By2050,about30percentofthepopulationwillbeabove60,againstaworldaverageof22percent.AginginChinaisparticularlycomplexbecauseitishappeningatalow-incomelevel.Socialsafetynetsareweak,withmostoftheelderlydependingonfamilysupport.Decliningfamilysizeandtheerosionoftraditionalvaluesmagnifythechallengeandplaceaheavyburdenonsmallhouseholds.2.2ThereasonaboutAmericanagingproblemIn1950,therewere12peopleofworkingageforeverypersonage65orolder.In2010,thereareonly9contributingtooldagesupportintheircountries.ThatmeansthathereintheU.S.,fewerpeoplearecontributingtoSocialSec