uint4职场英语textA原文及翻译

HowtoorganizeandruneffectivemeetingsGoodmeetingsaren'taccidents-theyaretheresultofgoodplanning.Thetimeyouspendbeforewillresultinmajorbenefitslaterbyefficientlyusingthemeetingtime,accomplishingobjectives,andavoidingtheneedforfollow-upmeetings.Whendecidingtoholdameeting,youshouldalsodecidewhoshouldattendandwhatisthepurposeofthemeeting.Tohelpinplanningmeetings,belowisachecklistofmajorelementsessentialformeetingeffectiveness.好的会议不是偶然的——它们是好的计划的结果。通过有效地利用会议时间、完成目标和避免后续会议的需要，您以前花费的时间将会带来重大的好处。在决定召开会议的时候，你也应该决定谁应该参加会议，会议的目的是什么。为了帮助计划会议，下面是会议有效性的主要要素的清单。Purpose:Planmeetingswithpurpose.Definethepurposeorobjectiveofthemeeting(e.g.toreachconsensusonhowvolunteerleadersshouldallocatetheirtime).Participant:Whoneedstoattendthismeetingtoaccomplishthepurpose?Structure:Howshouldthemeetingbeorganizedtobestaccomplishthepurpose?Sometechniquesmayinclude:guestspeakers,videos,brainstormingsessions,panelsessions,discussiongroups,demonstrations,etc.Whatevertechniqueisselected,itshouldhavethegreatestimpactontheparticipantstoattainthemeetingobjective.目的:计划会议的目的。确定会议的目的或目标(例如，就志愿者领袖如何分配他们的时间达成共识)。参与者:为了达到这个目的，谁需要参加这个会议?结构:会议应该如何组织以达到最佳的目的?一些技术可能包括:嘉宾演讲者、视频、头脑风暴、小组讨论、讨论小组、演示等等。无论选择什么技术，都应该对参与者产生最大的影响，以达到会议目标。LocationandTimeSelectameetingplacethatbestmatchestheparticipant'sneeds,theobjective,andthemeetingstructure.Whenplanningwheretomeet,giveconsiderationtosize,comfort,accessibility,adequateparking,roomacoustics,equipmentneeds,etc.Choosingameetingtimedependsontheavailabilityofparticipantsandmeetingfacilities.Theanticipatedlengthofthemeetingshouldalsobeafactorindecidingwhentoschedulethemeeting.地点和时间选择一个最适合参与者的需求、目标和会议结构的会议场所。在规划会议地点时，要考虑到会议的规模、舒适性、可及性、足够的停车位、房间音响、设备需求等。选择会议时间取决于会议参与者的可用性和会议设施。会议的预期长度也应是决定何时安排会议的一个因素。AgendaAmeetingagendashouldbepreparedanddistributedtoparticipantsatleastthreedayspriortothemeetingday.Anagendaiscrucialtomeetingsuccessinthreeways:1)itclarifiestheobjectivessopeopleunderstandthemeetingpurposeandtasks;2)distributingtheagendapriortothemeetinghelpsparticipantsplanandpreparetomakeaneffectivecontribution;and3)duringthemeeting,theagendaprovidesdirectionandfocusforthediscussion.Thereareavarietyofagendastylesbutessentiallytheyshouldcontainatleastthefollowingelements:title(e.g.evaluationreviewmeeting),time(e.g.8:00-10:00a.m.),date,location,discussionitems,andnamesofpersonsresponsibleforcoveringeachitem.Somepeopleprefertoincludetimeallotmentsforeachagendaitemtoimprovemeetingeffectiveness(e.g.reviewminutes13:05-13:15p.m.).议程会议议程应至少在会议前三天准备好并分发给与会者。议程对于成功的实现有三种方式:1)明确目标，让人们了解会议的目的和任务;2)在会议前分发会议议程，帮助与会者计划和准备做出有效贡献;会议议程为讨论提供了方向和重点。议程形式多种多样，但本质上至少应包含以下要素:标题(如评估评审会议)、时间(如上午8:00-10:00)、日期、地点、讨论项目，以及负责覆盖每个项目的人员的姓名。有些人喜欢为每个议程项目预留时间，以提高会议效率(比如下午13:05-13:15)。Responsibilities:Thereshouldbeamutualunderstandingofnotonlythemeetingpurpose,butalsoindividualassignmentsandhowtheyfitintothetotalprogram.Thosemeetingsthataremorefocusedonbrainstormingorcreativitymayrequirelittleornoindividualassignments.Intask-orientedorpolicydecidingmeetings,itisbesttoprepareawrittensummaryofassigneddutiessoindividualsknowwhattheirresponsibilityisforthemeeting.职责:不仅要相互理解会议的目的，还要理解个别任务以及它们如何融入整个项目。那些更专注于头脑风暴或创造力的会议可能只需要很少或没有单独的任务。在以任务为导向或决策为导向的会议中，最好准备一份指定职责的书面总结，以便每个人都知道他们对会议的职责是什么。Confirmation:Ifitisafirstmeetingorifthemeetingisonanewdayortime,individuallycontactallparticipantsaweektothreedaysbeforethemeetingday.Contactcanbeassimpleassendingeveryoneafriendlyreminderthroughofficee-mail,phonecalls,orapostcardreminderthroughthemail.Forregularlyscheduledmeetings,choosealocationandmeetingtimeandtrynottochangeit.确认:如果是第一次会议，或者会议是在新的一天或时间，请在会议之前的一周到三天分别与所有与会者联系。联系可以很简单，通过办公室电子邮件、电话或邮寄明信片提醒给每个人一个友好的提醒。对于定期的会议，选择一个地点和会议时间，尽量不要改变它。Planningdoestakeacertainamountoftime,howevertheburdenofplanningdoesnothavetofallfullyontheleader’sshoulders.Theleaderisresponsibleforseeingthattheplanninggetsdone,notnecessarilyfordoingit.Everystepcanbedelegated.Ifyouareresponsibleforconductingthemeetingandyouchosetodelegatethetasksoforganizingthemeeting,makesureyouarefamiliarwiththeagenda,objectives,andanyrelevantbackgroundinformationbeforethemeetingbegins.计划确实需要一定的时间，但是计划的负担并不完全落在领导者的肩上。领导负责看到计划的完成，而不是做它。每一步都可以被委派。如果你负责主持会议，并且你选择委派组织会议的任务，确保在会议开始前熟悉议程、目标和任何相关的背景信息。HOWTORUNEFFECTIVEMEETINGSThemeetingleaderorfacilitatorisresponsibleforsettingthemeetingtone,keepingthediscussionontrack,andmakingsureeveryonehasafairchanceofbeingheard.Theleaderorfacilitatorshouldalsosummarizerelevantpointsandtiethingstogetherwhenthediscussionjumpsaroundbetweeninterrelatedtopics.Fillingtheroleofleaderorfacilitatorisnoeasytask,especiallywhenpersonalagendasclashormisunderstandingsoccur.Althoughawell-plannedmeetingwillsignificantlyreducesurprisesandmeetingconfusion,thereisnoguaranteeeverythingwillrunsmoothly,evenwiththebestplanning.Herearesomesuggestedguidelinesonhowtoruneffectivemeetings:会议领导人或主持人负责设定会议基调，保持讨论的正常进行，并确保每个人都有公平的机会被倾听。当讨论在相互关联的主题之间跳来跳去时，领导者或主持人也应该总结相关的观点并将它们联系在一起。填补领导者或促进者的角色不是一件容易的事情，尤其是当个人议程发生冲突或误解时。尽管精心策划的会议将大大减少惊喜和会议的混乱，但并不能保证所有事情都能顺利进行，即使是最好的计划。以下是一些关于如何开展有效会议的建议:Beginontimeandendontime-Ifyoubegi