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表示人和物的名词后缀后缀意义用法例词表示人-er从事……职业的人,做……的人,……地方的人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher,worker,learner-or与-er同义外来后缀,加在外来词上visitor,educator-eer从事于......的人用于外来词engineer后缀意义用法例词表示人-ess女......加于名词后actress,waitress-ian......(专)家加在以-ic结尾的名词或形容词上physician,politician,musician-ist从事......职业的人,从事某种......文艺、学术的人加在名词上,或–ize结尾的动词上,或以-al结尾的其它词上artist,socialist表示物-er表示从事某工作的物加在动词和名词或复合词上washer-or表示从事某工作的物加在动词上receptor抽象名词和集合名词的后缀-agestorage,package,orphanage,marriage,luggage,postage-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,creature-itymajority,opportunity,infinity-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance-domkingdom,filmdom,wisdom抽象名词和集合名词的后缀-ydifficulty,beggary,discovery,soldiery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,falsehood-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth形容词后缀后缀意义用法例词-able可能……的加在名词或及物动词后valuable,horrible-al有...…性质的加在名词后natural-ant,-ent.........的加在外来动词词干上important,pleasant-ic,-ical......性质的,与.......有关的加在外来词干的名词上atomic,electric后缀意义用法例词-ish稍带......的,...…气的,......民族的,…...语的加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上feverish,childish,bookish,English-ed有......的,有......特征的加在名词或动词上tired,interested-en由......构(制)成的加在物质名词上wooden,earthen-ive有......倾向的/性质的加在动词上instructive,expensive后缀意义用法例词-ful充满......的,引起......的加在名词上thankful,powerful,tearful-less无/不......的,不能......的加在名词或动词上homeless,harmless-ous充满......的,有......特性的加在名词上famous,nervous-ly有......性质的,......形状的加在名词或形容词上yearly,daily,orderly-y有/多......的,想......的加在名词上cloudy,sunny副词后缀后缀用法及意义例词-ward-wards加在名词或副词后,表示“向......的”forward,backward,upward,downward,toward,northward,afterward后缀用法及意义例词-ly加在形容词之后表示某种状态cheerfully,slightly,simply表示某个方面economically表示程度或范围greatly表示时间recently表示次序firstly,secondly表示方向eastwardly后缀意义用法例词-ate表示:使成为,成为......,处理,使化合见于外来词,由外来词根组成,不能活用educate,translate,imitate,calculate,operate-en表示:变为,使......加在形容词上,有时加在名词上,通常构成及物动词darken,weaken,deepen,sharpen,frighten,strengthen动词后缀后缀意义用法例词-fy表示:使成为,使......化加在名词或形容词上,构成及物动词和少数不及物动词beautify,uglify,satisfy,terrify,electrify,purify-ish表示:使......,令......大多是从法语输入的词,不能构成新词finish,accomplish,punish,furnish,publish-ize表示:使成,变成,加在名词或形容词上,构成及物动词或少数不及物动词modernize,democratize,revolutionize,realize
本文标题:英语中常见的后缀
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