基于单片机的红外遥控步进电机

呼伦贝尔学院本科生毕业论文题目基于单片机的步进电机专业电子信息工程姓名张世霞学号2011081435指导教师红峰年月日1目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................2第一章绪论..................................................................................................................41.1步进电机及其发展...........................................................................................41.2步进电机在我国的发展应用及前景...............................................................41.3设计研究内容...................................................................................................5第二章步进电机控制总系统设计..............................................................................62.1系统框架...........................................................................................................62.2步进电机的选择...............................................................................................62.3电机驱动的选择...............................................................................................7第三章系统硬件电路设计............................................................................................83.1系统硬件总电路构成..........................................................................................83.2步进电机系统...................................................................................................83.2.1步进电机的原理....................................................................................83.2.2步进电机的特点....................................................................................83.2.3步进电机的分类....................................................................................93.2.4永磁步进电机的控制原理....................................................................93.3单片机系统.......................................................................................................103.4键盘控制电路.................................................................................................113.5数码管驱动显示电路.......................................................................................123.6步进电机驱动电路...........................................................................................123.7红外接收电路...................................................................................................14第四章控制系统软件分析与设计............................................................................154.1主程序流程图.................................................................................................154.2读按键子程序流程图.......................................................................................154.3按键处理子程序流程图.................................................................................164.4电机控制中断程序流程图...............................................................................17第五章系统调试与改进............................................................................................195.1调试与改进.....................................................................................................195.2运行结果.........................................................................................................19第六章总结..............................................................................................................20附录B............................................................................................................................22致谢................................................................................................................................332基于单片机的红外遥控步进电机作者：张世霞指导教师：红峰中文摘要步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单，廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，它广泛用于打印机、电动玩具等消费类产品以及数控机床、工业机器人、医疗器械等机电产品中，其在各个国民经济领域都有应用。研究步进电机的控制系统，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。’步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件，步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器，功率放大器及步进电机等组成。采用单片机控制，用软件代替上述步进控制器，使得线路简单，成本低，可靠性大大增加。软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式。本设计是采用STC89C51单片机对步进电机的控制，通过I/O口输出的时序方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片ULN2003驱动步进电机。加入红外遥控模块，红外接收器，红外发射器，让操作更简单快捷。根据不同的需要我们可以有五个不同档位速度的选择，并可以实现正反转。为了更显人性化，我们加上了一个数码管显示，显示步进电机的运行状态。关键词：步进电机，单片机，正反转控制，电机驱动，红外遥控3ABSTRACTSteppermotorduetotheuseofthecompositionoftheopen-loopsystemissimple,cheap,andverypractical,soitisusedwidelyinmanyfieldsofprinterandotherofficeautomationequipmentandvariouscontroldevice.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thesteppermotordemandgrowwitheachpassingday,itiswidelyusedintheprinter,electrictoysandotherconsumerproductsandCNCmachines,industrialrobots,medicalequipmentandothermechanicalandelectricalproducts,whichareappliedinvariousfieldsofthenationaleconomy.Studiesofthesteppingmotorcontrolsystem,toimprovethecontrolprecisionandresponsespeed,isofgreatsignificancetoenergysavingetc..Steppermotorisapulsesignalcanbeconvertedintomechanicalangulardisplacementorlinedisplacementcomponents,steppermotorcontrolsystemiscomposedofsteppingcontrollercomposedofapoweramplifier,andsteppingmotor.Usingsinglechipmicrocomputercontrol,usingsoftwareinsteadoftheabovestepcontroller,thecircuitissimple,lowcost,reliabilityisimprovedgreatly.Softwareprogrammingflexibilitytoprod