大学生性别刻板印象的调查研究

1大学生人格特征性别刻板印象的调查研究摘要目的：性别刻板印象仍然广泛存在于我们的日常生活中，对我们的生活产生了重要的影响，为了更好地探讨、研究性别刻板印象的这一问题存在情势的严重性，我们进行了此次研究。希望通过这次探讨性别刻板印象在人格特征形容词描述上上的表现，深刻了解大学生在哪些人格上存在性别刻板印象，并对不同性别的刻板印象的差异进行分析说明。被试：本次调查采用随机抽样的方法，从大学生中抽取被试128人。方法：主要采用人格特性形容词7点量表的问卷进行问卷调查。在7点量表中共包括有150个形容词，具体要求是当被试在填写7点量表的问卷时，分别评定每个形容词在多大程度上适合用来描述男性或者用来描述女性。结果：（1）大学生在选择人格特征形容词的描述上存在着性别刻板印象，这是与传统观念一致的的结果。（2）男性和女性在选择部分人格特征形容词上存在性别差异，这种差异有其存在的理论依据。结论：大学生总体表现出对自身性别认识的更多更深，符合提取理论；而男性和女性多把正性词赋予自己，负性词赋予对方，符合自尊理论。关键词：人格特征形容词性别刻板印象2InvestigationofPersonalitycharacteristicsStereotypesinGenderAbstractObjective:Genderstereotypesstillexistwidelyinourdailylife,hasimportantinfluenceonourlives,inordertobetterexploregenderstereotypes,theresearchoftheproblemexisttheseriousnessofthesituation,andwedidthestudy.Hopethatthroughthisstudygenderstereotypesinthelastofadjectivestodescribetheperformanceofthepersonalitycharacteristics,deeplyunderstandthecommunitycollegestudentsonwhatpersonalityexistgenderstereotypes,andanalyzethedifferencesofdifferentgenderstereotypes.Subjects:Thesurveyusingthemethodofrandomsampling,extractsubjectsfromcommunitycollegestudentsin128people.Methods:MainlyUSESthepersonalityadjectivescalequestionnaireinvestigationat7.ScaleofthecommunistpartyofChina,including128adjectives,askedparticipantsonthe7pointscale,assesstowhatextenteachadjectiveforusedtodescribethemaleorfemale.Results:Throughtheinvestigationandanalysis,theresultsshowthat(1)communitycollegestudentsinpersonalityadjectivesdescribegenderstereotypes.(2)Genderadultgenderdifferencesonthepartofthepersonalitycharacteristicsoftheadjectives.Conclusion:Thecommunitycollegestudentsmoredeeperunderstandingoftheirowngender,conformtotheextractionoftheory;Bothsexesgivespositivewordstoyourself,morenegativewordstoeachother,inlinewiththetheoryofself-esteem.Keywords:genderstereotypes,personalitycharacteristicsadjectives3目录一、引言........................................................................................................................6二、文献综述................................................................................................................6（一）人格特征........................................................................................................61.人格特征的定义..............................................................................................62.人格的特征......................................................................................................73.人格的结构......................................................................................................84.影响人格特征形成和发展的因素................................................................10（二）社会化与社会角色......................................................................................121.社会化的涵义..................................................................错误!未定义书签。2.社会角色的认知..............................................................错误!未定义书签。3.性别角色社会化............................................................................................12（三）性别刻板印象..................................................................................................131、刻板印象的概念........................................................................................132、刻板印象的分类........................................................................................133、传统的性别刻板印象及其形成原因........................................................14三、问题的提出......................................................................................................15四、调查研究..........................................................................................................17(一)研究现状...................................................................................................16(二)研究目的及意义.......................................................................................17(三)研究方法......................................................................错误!未定义书签。1、被试.........................................................................................................172、研究工具................................................................................................1743、研究程序................................................................................................174、数据分析.................................................................................................18五、研究结果..............................................................................................................18（一）全体被试认为适合描述不同性别的形容词......................................18（二）全体被试认为适合描述男、女性的形容词......................................20（三）男、女两性的被试在人格特征形容词上的对比...............................21（四）女生在描述女性与男性人格特征形容词上的差异...........................24（五）男生在描述男性与女性人格特征形容词上的差异...........................25六、分析与讨论..........................................................................................................26七、研究的不足与反思..............................................................................................28八、结论...........................................................................................