【精选】英语阅读训练--归纳概括主题

1英语阅读训练--归纳概括主题(TitleandMainIdea)归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木,更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。找出主题句(topicsentence)是一个有用的方法。中心意思(mainidea)通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目(thebesttitle)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。考察文章主题的提问方式常用的有：①Thesubjectofthepassageis________.②Themainideais________.③Thetitleis________.④Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.⑤Whattopicistreatedinthispassage________.⑥Thepointofthepassageisthat________.⑦What’sthetopicofthefirstparagraph?⑧Thebestheadlineforthepassagewouldbe________.⑨Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?⑩What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?1.主题句位于段首其特点是演绎式，开门见山提出论点，再分别说明。例如：Peoplehaveknownaboutgoldforaverylongtime(主题句).Theearlycavepeopleknewofgold（论据）.Goldcupswereusedbypeoplewholivedmorethan5,000yearsago（论据）.GoldnecklacesandotherthingsmadeofgoldhavebeenfoundinEgypt.Theyarealsomorethan5,000yearsold（论据）.Q:Themainideaofthepassageis________.A.goldiswidelyusedB.manythingscanbemadeofgold.C.goldwasknownbypeoplelongtimesago.D.goldwasfound5,000yearsago[分析]第一句是文章的主题句，其后分3个论据来论叙这一主题。答案C与文章主题同义。在阅读中要注意，所有用语证明论点的根据和理由都应具一定的逻辑关系。我们可以按照这种逻辑关系推断出结论。22.主题句位于段尾其特点是归纳式，即细节在前，概括在后。例如：Oneofthemostimportantusesofgoldisformoney.Goldcanbeusedtomakerings,earrings,andotherthings.Goldisalsousedtomakegoldleaf,averyflatribbon（带）ofgoldthatisoftenusedonpictureframes.Cupsanddishescanalsobemadefromgold.Goldhasmanyuses.Q:Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.A.themostimportantusesofgoldB.wideusesofgoldC.manythingsmadeofgoldD.theimportanceofgold.[分析]这一段是从金子最主要的用途谈起，然后用also,often等词列举出其他用途，最后归纳出“goldhasmanyuses”这一主题，与B选项一致。3.主题句位于段中其特点是：引题—主题—解释或提问—回答—解释。例如：Aportisaplacewhereshipsstaywhentheyarenotsailing.Shipsusuallyloadorunloadataport.So,aspaceportisaplacewhere“spaceships”staywhentheyarenotflying.Ithasspecialbuildingswherethespaceshipsarekept.Italsohassuppliesneededforspacetravel.Q:Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.whataspaceportisB.thataportisaplacewhereshipsstayC.thataspaceportisaspecialbuildingD.whataportandaspaceportare[分析]本段是由“港口是船不航行时停留的地方”这一人人都明白的概念引出“宇航港是宇宙飞船不飞行时停留的地方”这一抽象难懂的概念，进而加以解释。其中心就是向人们介绍什么是宇航港，所以A选项是主题。4.首尾呼应的主题句通常是指文章开头和结尾相互对应。了解这一点有利于根据文章开头和结尾进行综合推理。例如：ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1,000peoplebittenbysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer.”hesaid.·································“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.3Q:Whatdoyouthinkthewritertalksaboutinthemissingpartofthearticle?A.Thesadstoryofthepeoplebittenbysnakes.B.HowdidShuhelpthepeople?C.WhydidShuhelpthepeople?D.HowmuchdidShulikehiscareer?[分析]从文章开头“看到被蛇咬伤的人们使我选择了这一职业”和段末“这悲惨的故事使我如此震动，因此我决定把一生献给这些人们”可以看出本文的主题是“苏普龙如何成为蛇医”。那么中间一段是说明“那悲惨的故事”的，答案是A。5.无主题句依据文中事实，细节，观点，综合归纳成一般概念。例如：Goodafternoon.Thisisyourcaptainspeaking.Wehavebeenwarnedofthedangerofstrongairturbulenceaheadforthenextfortymilesorso.Passengersarethereforestronglyaskedtoremainintheirseatswiththeirseatbeltonfortheirsafetyandnottousetherestroomsduringthatdangerousperiodifatallpossible.Duringthetimeyoungchildrenshouldbefirmlyfastenedintotheirseats.Pleaseobservetheseprecautionuntiltheseatbeltwarringsignhasgoneoff.Lunchwillbeservedafterwehavepassedthroughtheairturbulencezone.Thankyou.Q:Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.A.TheCaptainandthePassengersB.SomethingAbouttheStrongAirTurbulenceC.ForyourOwnSafetyD.Don’tMoveAroundandKeepStill[分析]此文是一篇广播通知，告知旅客飞机可能遇到强气流前的注意事项，完全出于安全考虑，由此可判断此文的中心是选项C所给内容。此问不是知识介绍，不选B。答案D中心不突出，不明确，旅客一听或许以为是飞机被劫持了。ReadingTrainingCourseParagraph1Whatarethetallestplantsintheworld?ManypeoplewouldsaythatgiantredwoodtreesofCalifornia.Actually,thetallestplantsareintheoceans.Theseareseaweedsthatgrowalmostsevenhundredfeettall.Comparedtothisheight,thegiantredwoodsarepygmiesofonlyfourhundredfeet.Togetsomeideaoftheseheights,considertheStatueofLiberty.Thishugefigurerisesonlythreehundredfeet.1.Thepassagecanbeentitled__________.A.RedwoodsinCaliforniaB.TheStatueofLibertyC.SeaweedD.TheTallestPlantsParagraph24Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature'sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica'sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthecoyotes.Allthisupsetthearea'sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NatureBalanceItselfB.FloodsandEarthquakesC.AmericanSettlersD.Humans--aDisastertoNatureParagraph3Whenapieceofpaperburns,itiscompletelychanged.Theashthatisleftbehinddoesnotlookliketheoriginalpieceofpaper.Whendull-redrustappearsonapieceoftinware(锡制品),itisquitedifferentfromthegleamingtin.Thetarnishthatformsonsilverwareisanewsubstanceunlikethesilveritself.Animaltissue(组织)isunlikethevegetablesubstancefromwhichitismade.Achangeinwhichtheoriginalsubstanceisturnedintoadifferentsubstanceiscalledachemicalchange.5.Theauthorwritesthispassagetotellus_________.A.howpaperburnsB.thatdull-redontinwareisunliketinitselfC.thatanimaltissueisdifferentfromplant'sD.