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第一层级抓牢“词法”——保基本分第一讲名词和冠词在高考中,语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在语法填空和短文改错中,解答有关名词的题目时,一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Itwaslateatnight.Two1.________(German)weresleepingintheirroomwhensuddenly,oneofthem,Mrs.Green,waswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthreethousand2.______(dollar)inherpocket.“WhatshouldIdo?Many3.______(thief)usuallybring4.________(knife)withthem,”shethoughtin5.________(silent).Aftertwo6.________(minute)search,thethiefhappenedtotouchasportssuit.Germansdollarsthievesknivessilenceminutes'Itseemedasifhefoundtherewassomeoneintheroom,sohewentouttothenextroomwheretwo7.__________(Frenchman)weresleeping.Whenhewaslookingfor8.________(money)orsome9.____________(jewel)inthenextroom,Mrs.Greenwokeupherhusbandquicklyandcalledthepolice.Andthenthethiefknewwhathadhappened.Hewassoscaredthathetookoutaknife.Justthenthepoliceshowedup.Beforethethiefranaway,thepolicecaughthim.ForMrs.Green,itwasreallyanunusual10.__________(experience).Frenchmenmoneyjewels/jewelryexperience(二)快捷技法解题规则思考趋向1.不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式。(如题10)2.有数词或these,those,several,many,all,both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(如题1,2,3,7,9)3.名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。4.如果空格处作主语,且谓语动词是单数形式,则空格处应填名词单数形式;若谓语动词是复数形式,则空格处应填名词复数形式。5.不可数名词没有复数形式。(如题8)1.填名词的单复数若提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的单复数。作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时,一般设空处填名词。(如题5)3.派生为名词1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's。2.以s或es结尾的名词复数,形式为s'或es'。3.复合名词中,一般在最后一个词的词尾加's,如herbrotherinlaw'scharacter。解题规则思考趋向2.填名词的所有格提示词为名词时,如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题6)(三)重点强化1.可数名词复数的规则变化:(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加s(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加es(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y变为i,再加es(4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词,在词尾直接加s(5)以o结尾的名词,无生命的常在词尾加s,如pianos,photos;有生命的在词尾加es,如potatoes,heroes等(6)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f或fe为v,再加es。如knife→knives,leaf→leaves(如题3,4);少数直接加s,如roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs2.可数名词复数的不规则变化:(1)单复数同形的名词:sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese,means(手段),works(工厂),series(系列)等(2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词:criterion标准→criteriamouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomenafoot脚;英尺→feetmedium传播媒介→mediachild孩子→children(一)考点练悟下文中共有6处错误,每句中最多有一处。请找出并改正。Recently,afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicangrybywritingontheGreatWall.Infact,thishappensinmanyplaceofinterest.Ihavesomesuggestiontosolvethisproblem.First,makemorepostertoinformthepublicofthedamageofgraffiti(涂鸦).Besides,punishments,suchasafine,arenecessarytotouristswithsuchbadbehavior.Also,Ithinkit'shelpfultoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionwheretouristsarepermittedtoleavemessages.I'msurewithoureffort,moreandmorepeoplewillbecomeconcernedaboutprotectingculturalrelics.答案:第一句:angry→anger第二句:place→places第三句:suggestion→suggestions第四句:poster→posters第六句:attraction→attractions第七句:effort→efforts(二)快捷技法解题规则思考趋向1.名词一般在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。2.作表语时,与主语构成同位关系一般用名词,形容词一般是对主语的描述。3.在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。1.可数名词前由不定冠词a或an修饰,一般用单数形式,由数词、量词修饰一般用复数形式。2.不可数名词没有复数形式。3.有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词,应注意具体语境。4.表示“……的”意义时应用所有格形式。1.名词的数与格的错用根据名词前的修饰成分或者名词本身,判定名词的数与格是否正确。2.名词与形容词、名词与动词的错用结合语境分析句子成分,由所充当的句子成分判断词性的正误。冠词是语法填空题的常考点,经常考查不定冠词a,an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时,首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指,如果是前者用the,后者则需要再判断用a还是an。短文改错中的冠词类题目,除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外,还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词。同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。(一)考点练悟(用冠词填空)WhenIwalkeddown1.________ThirdAvenue,as2.______rule,Iusedtolookintothewindowsof3.______oldshopthatsoldoldandbeautifulthings.SinceIoftentookmywalkaftertheclosingtime,Icuppedmyhandsagainst4.________windowstoget5.________smalllookatthetreasuresinside.theaantheaSomethingslookedasiftheyhadnotbeennoticedfor6.________longtime,butIknewtheirbeautywasstilltherebeneaththeirownsurface.Ieventhoughttheywere7.________mostbeautifulthatIhadeverseen.ThatwashowIfeltaboutoldpeople,too.Iknewtheirvalue,andithurtmewhenothersmissedit.Iwasraisedbymygrandmotherandgiven8.________deepsenseofthevalueofexperience.Taughttobehavewell,mysisterandIrespectedotherpeople,regardlessoftheirageorcolor.Mygrandmotherwaslovedbyall9.________peoplearoundher.Shewasknowntobe10.________wiseandkindwoman,whowasabletodothingswelleveninherlastyears.atheatheaOldpeopleshouldbetreatedasfinegold.Theymaybegraduallytarnished(失去光泽)byage,buttheycanbepolishedwithrespect.Youmightbesurprisedbytheirbrightandshiningqualities.(二)快捷技法思考趋向——如何确定填冠词如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。解题规则——如何确定填什么冠词1.不定冠词a/an的常考点(1)表示泛指,相当于“acertain”。(如题3,6,10)(2)表示类指,指某类中的“任何一个”。(3)表示量指,但数的概念没有one强烈。(4)表示“每”,相当于per,用于价格、速度、频率等表达中。(5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠词。(如题2,6)(6)和具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词连用表示具体的概念。(如题5,8)2.定冠词the的常考点(1)特指某人或某物。(如题4,9)(2)用于最高级或序数词前或由only,very,same等修饰的名词前。(如题1,7)(3)和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。(4)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。(5)定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。(一)考点练悟下文中共有8处错误,每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。ZhouYanistheSeniorThreestudent.Lastweek,hewenttoseedoctorbecausehisarmsandfingershurt.Thedoctortoldhimafactthathehadan“mobilephonedisease”.Zhousentmessagestohisfriendswithhismobilephonealltime,eveninbed.Zhoustartedtodobadlyinallaexamsbecausehespentsomuchtimeonhismobilephone.Hedidn'tstopusingamobilephoneuntilhisarmshurt.YangLing,whoisaexpertfromahealthcenter,saidstudentsshouldtrytousetheirmobilephonesless,especiallyatschool.答案:第一句:the→a第二句:doctor前加a第三句:a→the;an→a
本文标题:高考英语二轮复习资料ppt第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO2再研考点第一层级抓牢词法保基本分第一讲名词
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