被动语态-课件ppt

Module2Greatbooks语法聚焦被动语态Tombrokethewindow.(主动语态)①②③ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.(被动)③②①一.英语句子的动词有两种语态:主动语态被动语态主动语态表示句子的主语为动作的发出者/执行者，被动语态表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。从以上两个句子可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了介词by的宾语Tom,主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动语态句中的主语就是主动语态句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。二：被动语态的构成be+vt.p.p.ManypeopleEnglishspeakEnglish.isspokenbymanypeople.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.(1)一般现在时的被动语态is/am/are+过去分词TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesherhomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.HerhomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinBeijing.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswereboughtbythemlastterm.(2)一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlesisteryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlesisterwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinishedbythemintendays.(3)一般将来时被动语态willbe+过去分词is/am/aregoingtobe+过去分词Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.(4)进行时的被动语态am/is/are+being+过去分词was/were+being+过去分词Someworkersarepaintingtherooms．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkers.Iammakingamodelplane.Heiswashingthecaratthemoment.Theywerecleaningtheclassroomthen.Wewerevisitingamuseumjustnow.Amodelplaneisbeingmadebyme.Thecarisbeingwashedbyhimatthemoment.Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbythemthen.Amuseumwasbeingvisitedbyusjustnow.(5)现在完成时的被动语态have/has+been+过去分词Wehavemadeaperfectplan．Aperfectplanhasbeenmadebyus.Ihavealreadyfinishedthework.Hehasn’tworkedouttheproblemsyet.Theyhavebuilttwobuildingssofar.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinishedbyme.Theproblemshaven’tbeenworkedoutbyhimyetTwobuildingshavebeenbuiltbythemsofar.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.(6)情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturesmaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.2.非谓语动词的被动语态(1)不定式的被动语态to+be+过去分词eg:I’mverygladtobeinvited.受到邀请我非常高兴。(2)动名词和现在分词的被动语态being+过去分词eg:Nobodylikesbeinglaughedatinpublic.没有人愿意在公共场合被嘲笑。Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletedinthreemonths.现在正在被建的那座桥将在三个月之后完工。三.被动语态的用法及注意事项(1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。(2)当没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。(3)当只需强调动作的承受者或动作的执行者是一般大众时。eg:Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.每年很多人死于交通事故。OurclassmeetingwillbeheldonMonday.我们的班会将在周一举行。Treesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该栽树。2.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。3.带双宾语(直宾指物，间宾指人)的谓语动词被动语态有两种改法。当把直接宾语)(sth)改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词to/for(sb)。例如：give,pass,show,teach,send,lend,tell等常用to;buy,find,make,get常用for;sing,read,write用to/for都可以。eg:主动:Wegavehimsomebooks.Wegavesomebookstohim.被动:Hewasgivensomebooksbyus.Somebooksweregiventohimbyus.4.一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。如:使让动词let/have/makesb.dosth.感官动词feel/hear/listento/see/watch/notice/observe/smell/findsb.dosth.eg:主动:Thebossmadehimwork.被动:Hewasmadetoworkbytheboss.主动:Somebodysawhergointotheshop.被动:Shewasseentogointotheshop.5.不及物动词和半系词没有被动语态。eg:Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohimyesterday.昨天他发生了一起交通事故。Suddenlyastrangemanappearedinfrontofthewindow.突然一个陌生人出现在窗前。Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布料摸上去很柔软。Helooksveryworried.他看起来很着急。6.不及物动词+介词=及物动词，可以用于被动语态。但是当主动语态中的介词后面宾语变成被动语态中的主语时，不及物动词后面的介词不能省略。eg:WearelisteningtotheEnglishteachernow.TheEnglishteacherisbeinglistenedtobyusnow.7.有些及物动词如sell,wash,open,read等，在表示主语(多为某物)的某种性质而非人为的原因时用作不及物动词，因而不用作被动语态。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thedoorwillnotopen.(这扇门就是打不开)。Thiscoatwasheseasily.(这件衣服较好洗)Thesignreadsasfollows.(这牌子告示如下)8.need,want,beworth,demand(要求),require(需要),等后用动名词表被动。eg:Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thefilmisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。eg:Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.9.汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等特殊句型的被动语态：据说……Itissaidthat…据报道……Itisreportedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据认为……Itisbelievedthat…据猜测……Itisguessedthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…据希望……Itishopedthat…1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingsintoit.AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibraryAaren’ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.wastold4.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek.(变主动语态)Theysentupanotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.5.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_______________bypeopletherelastyear.6.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables___________onthefarm.Twereplantedaregrown7.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_______forcuttingthings.8.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheircla