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中考英语阅读理解设题及解答技巧中考英语阅读理解设题主要分成细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理引申题和主旨大意题,尤其是主旨大意题,初中学生普遍感觉复习没有方向,掌握不了技巧。本文旨在对各个设题进行剖析,和学生共同揣摩解题方法,掌握技巧,化解压力。一,阅读理解之细节理解题1.细节题即我们常见的wh-题,(what,which,who,where,why,when,whose,how),根据文章的具体信息如事实,例证,原因,过程等进行提问,考查学生获取信息,以及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。2.常见设题方式(1)WhichofthefollowingstatementisTrue/NotTrue?(是非判断题型)(2)WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedinthetext?(3)What/Who/When/Where/Why/How…?(特殊疑问类型)(4)AllthestatementsaretrueExcept?(except,除……之外)(5)Whichistherightorderof…?(排序题类型)(6)Theauthorgivesintheexamplein…paragraphinorderto…(例证题类型)(7)…themost/~est;……theonly……(判断修饰限定的细节题类型)3.答题技巧(1)审题:找出题干或选项中的关键词(数字,大写,人民,地名等);(2)阅读全文,确定该细节在文中的出处;(3)对照题干要求,排除或者选择;(4)确定答案,并验证答案。例题1:Howmuchdoesyourmotherdoforyou?Shetaughtyoutowalk,helpedyoulearntoreadandlooksafteryoueveryday.Andyoucouldneverthankherenoughforeverything.Q:Accordingtothepassage,whatdidyourmotherdoforyou?A.Taughtyoutowalk.C.TookcareofyouB.HelpedyoulearntoreadD.Alloftheabove.答案:D,根据划线部分可知A,B,C都是,故选择D。例题2:Mr.Brownwasborninapoorfamily.(D)Hecouldn’tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoung.(A)Nowhe’saporterandworksatastation.(C)Hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytoknowsomeknowledgeofscience.Hisson.Bill,begantogotoschoollastyear.Theboylikesnothingexceptplaying.Hedoesn'tlistentotheteachersinclassandcan'tdohishomeworkafterclass.It'sthehardestthingforhimtodomathexercises.Andhewantstodropit.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Mr.Brownwasgoingtobeaporterwhenhewasyoung.B.Mr.Brown'sparentsweretoopoortosendhimtoschool.C.Mr.Brownwasn'tinterestedinsciencewhenhewasyoung.D.TherewasnoschoolinMr.Brown'shometown.答案:B,首先要知道题目让我们选择的是正确的一项,根据划线部分可得出答案为B。他现在是一个行李搬运工,而不是以前,A错误;MrBrown现在认为没有必要知道一些科学知识,C错误;根据第二句话可知因为家里穷没有上学,而不是没有学校,D错误。4.细节干扰项特征(1)是原文信息,但不是题目所要求的信息;(2)符合常识,但不是文章内容;(3)与原文内容及其相似,只是在程度上有些变动(通常过于绝对化的词不要选);(4)部分正确,部分错误;(5)张冠李戴。例题:Thechildren’sanswersweregenerallygrowthofmoralunderstandinginearlychildhood.(D)Moreofthefour-to-five-year-oldsthoughtthechildinthestorywouldfeelbetterkeepingthestolencandy,lyingandgettingunpunished.Theyimaginedtheparentinthestudywouldbeangrywiththechildwhoconfessed.However,theseven-to-nine-year-oldsweremorelikely(可能的)tothinkthechildwouldfeelbetterconfessor.Q:Whatdidsmithandhisworkmatesfindintheirstudy?A.Olderkidsaremorelikelythanyoungerchildrentoconfesstoabadact.B.Youngerchildrenaremorelikelythanolderkidstoconfesstoabadact.C.Thefour-to-five-year-oldswouldfeelbetterconfessingthecrime.D.Theseven-to-nine-year-oldsthoughtparentswouldbeangrywiththeirconfessions.答案:A,本题带了一点的推理题在里面,不可以直接得出答案,需要转换一下思路。根据第二句话可知D选项错误,应该是4-5岁的孩子认为承认错误父母会生气;根据最后一句话可知B和C错误,A选项正确。注:本道题很好的体现了部分正确和部分错误以及张冠李戴这种现象,做题时要注意动作发生的主语是谁。二,阅读理解之词义猜测题1.词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中,根据对语篇的信息,逻辑,背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词,难词,关键词的意义。备注:两种方式:(1)猜测单词的中文意思;(2)猜测单词的同义词或者近义词。2.常见设题方式(1)Theunderlinedword/phraseinthepassagemeans_________.(2)Theword“it/them”inPara1/thefirstparagraphrefersto__________.(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”refersto__________.(4)What’sthemeaningoftheunderlineword“…”?3.答题技巧(1)根据上下文语境猜测词义例题:Hello,everyone.I’mGina.I’malibrarian.Iworkinaschoollibrary.It’s3:30intheafternoonnow.I’mworkingforthestudents.Q:Theunderlinedword“librarian”inthepassagemeans________.A.校长B.图书管理员C.作家D.书商答案:B,联系上下文,在学校图书馆工作,应该是图书管理员。(2)根据定义或者释义关系猜测词义利用定义或者释义关系猜测词义,即根据文章上下文,借助定语(从句),表语甚至用逗号,破折号等引出的内容对生词加以解释说明。常用的标志性词汇有:be,mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,thatis,or,inotherwords等例题:Iranintomyhousequicklytocall119,andthenIrangmyneighbor’sdoorbellandknockedatthedoor,buttherewasnoresponse.Oh,maybetherewasnobodyathome.Igotintothehousethroughthewindowandfound…Q:Theunderlinedword“response”canbereplacedby_________.A.resultB.answerC.questionD.key答案:B,根据前后文,敲门但是没有回应,可能家里没有人在家,response这个单词是“回应”的意思,和answer是同义词。(3)根据生活常识猜测词义例题:Itwasagreatwaytogethismindoffwhathehadtodolater.Astheygotclosetotheschool,hecouldfeelhisheartbeating.Hishandswerestartingtosweat.Hehatedthis!Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweat”probablymean?A.触摸B.鼓掌C.出汗D.指点答案:C,前文说到走进学校的时候,感觉到自己的心跳,根据生活常识紧张的时候心跳得很快,并且会出汗,所以可以推测出这个单词的意思,sweat是“出汗”的意思。(4)根据对比关系猜测词义在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显的对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,很容易猜出生词的词义。例题1:ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“grubby”referto?A.肮脏的B.整洁的C.舒服的D.仔细的答案:A,though表示尽管,前后转折,句意为:尽管Tom的脸被洗得很干净,他得脖子仍然是脏的。前后对比,grubby为clean的反义词。例题2:Parentsofveryyoungchildrenknowthis:Youcatchyourchildintheactofstealingthecookie——theevidenceofcandywrittenonhisorherface.However,yougetawide-eyeddenial:“Ididn’tdoit!”Q:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“denial”mean?A.委屈B.责备C.否认D.拒绝答案:C,根据段落意思,抓住了孩子偷东西的行为,但是你得到了一个否认的答案。However前后表示转折,denial作为名词,是否认的意思。三,阅读理解之主旨大意题1.主旨大意题在于考查对全文或者某一段落整体把握能力,即对整篇文章的概括能力;考查的题目大多是针对段落(或全文)的主题思想,标题或者目的。2.常见设题方式(1)考查文章的中心思想Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat________.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?(2)考查文章标题的选择Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?(3)考查作者的写作态度和意图Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthispassage?Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell________.Thewriter’sattitudetowards...is________.(4)考查文章段落大意的理解InParagraph2theauthoraimstotellus________.3
本文标题:中考英语阅读理解设题和解答技巧
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