新课标高考英语第一轮复习教案第26讲状语从句

状语从句【本讲教育信息】[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]一.教学内容：状语从句［学习过程］状语从句状语从句在句中相当于副词做状语,又叫副词性从句。状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句。掌握状语从句应当从引导词入手，注意引导词的词义,引导状语从句的引导词都有词义，所以，了解引导词的意思尤为重要。引导词按意义分为九类:1）时间when,as,while,till,until,before,after,since2）地点where3）原因because,as,since,nowthat4）条件if,unless,once.so（as）longas.incase5）让步though,whatever（--ever）as,eventhough,evenif6）目的sothat,inorderthat7）结果so...that8）比较than,as..as9）方式as,asif一、时间状语从句（1）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作用例句asas表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。ShecameupasIwascooking.（同时）Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.（几乎同时）when（atorduringthetimethat）既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.（指时间点）Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.（在一段时间内）whilewhile意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时，两者可以互换。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.（用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”）练习：①Imademanyfriends_______________Iwasatuniversity.②Helistenstotheradio______________heisdrivingtowork.③______-____theSpringFestivaldrewnear,thechildbecamemoreandmoreexcited.④Iwasabouttoleave________-_____someonecametovisitme.⑤Heisverydiligent_______________hissonisverylazy.（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：1）till,not…until…,until,before,sinceDon’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil（till）itwastwelveo’clock.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.常用句型：Itis/was/willbe…before…要过多久才……Itisn’t/wasn’t/won’tbe…before…没有多久就……Itwillbeanotherfivedaysbeforewefinishthistask.ItisnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.练习：①Iexplainedthesentenceforthreetimes_____________heunderstoodme.②Twoweeks______________shegotdivorced,sheleftherhometowntostartanewlife.③Don’tgetoffthebus______________ithasstopped.2）hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas,once表示“一……就”AssoonasIhavefinishedit,I’llgiveyouacall.Onceyoushowanyfear,hewillattackyou.Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.3）directly,immediately,themoment,theminutethat…一……就Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.4）eachtime,everytime,bythetime（到……为止）Eachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。二、让步状语从句（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Althoughtheyarepoor,（yet）theyarewarm-hearted.（2）evenif或eventhough引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。I’llgetthereevenif（though）Ihavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.（3）nomatter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。Don’ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepublished.Nomatterhowhardtheworkis,you’dbettertrytodoitwell.（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。Childas（though）heis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.三、原因状语从句：because,for,as,since,nowthat（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving?I’mleavingbecauseI’mfull.for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。如：It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.”（3）下列情况下只能使用because:1）在回答why的问句时；—Whydidyouleaveinsuchahurry?---BecauseIhadsomethingurgenttodealwith.2）在用于强调句型时；3）被not所否定时。练习：①—I’vedecidedtogoabroadnextyear,darling,whataboutyou?—Well,___________you’regoing,sowillI.②—Hemusthavegonetobed,_________________itisdarkinhisroom.③Itwas_____________IlackedmoneythatIwasforcedtogiveuptheproject.四、地点状语从句：where,whereverMakeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.五、目的状语从句：that,sothat,inorderthat注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。Let’stakethefrontseats（so）thatwemayseemoreclearly.Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.六、结果状语从句：that,sothat,so…that,such…that…注意：so+形容词/副词+that从句；such+名词+that从句。Whathashappenedthatyoualllookedsoexcited?Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch.=Jennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch.七、方式状语从句：as,asif（though）I’lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.八、比较状语从句：than（比）,as（与…一样）ItrainsmoreofteninShanghaithaninBeijing.Theresultwasnotas/sogoodasIhadexpected.常用句型：the+比较级,the+比较级Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.九、条件状语从句：if,unless,so（as）longas,incase,once,afaras,onconditionthat.As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句，即不能有…unless…,andunless…。但if…notandif…not却不受此限制。Youwon’tloseyourweightunlessyoueatlessandunlessyouexercisemore.（×）但可以说…unlessyoueatlessandexercisemore.十、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象（1）连接词+过去分词Don’tspeakuntilspokento.Pressurecanbeincreasedwhenneeded.Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.（2）连词+现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.（3）连词+形容词/其他常见的有itnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。[来源:学。科。网]【