必修14Earthquakes讲2019年高考英语一轮复习讲练测Word版含解析

单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1．burstvi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂，爆发2．eventn．事件；大事3．nationn．民族；国家；国民→nationaladj.国家的，民族的→nationalityn．国籍4．ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产5．sufferingn．苦难；痛苦→sufferv．受苦，遭受6．extremeadj.极度的→extremelyadv.7．injurevt.损害；伤害→injuredadj.受伤的→injuryn．伤害，损害8．destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9．uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→usev.&n．使用，利用10．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊11．rescuen.&vt.援救；营救12．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境13．electricityn．电；电流；电学→electricadj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electricaladj.与电有关的；电学的14．disastern．灾难；灾祸15．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏16．sheltern．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17．damagen.&vt.损失；损害18．frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightenedadj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frighteningadj.令人恐惧的19．judgen．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→judgementn．判断，判决20．expressvt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expressionn．表达→expressiveadj.有表现力的重点短语1．rightaway立刻2．atanend结束3．inruins成为废墟4．digout掘出；发现5．a(great)numberof许多；大量的6．giveout分发；发出(气味、热等)7．thousandsof成千上万8．thinklittleof不重视；不假思索9．blowaway吹走；刮走10．beproudof以……而自豪11．insteadof代替12．betrappedin陷入……之中13．beknownfor/as因为/作为……出名14．bringin引进；引来经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1．Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日！3．Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。4．Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句（2）晨读范文背诵[2018·天津卷]假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津,你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校,他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队,参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。(1)比赛的时间、地点;(2)邀请他的原因;(3)训练计划将发送其邮箱,请他提出建议。注意:(1)词数不少于100;(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;(3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:世界青少年机器人技能竞赛theWorldAdolescentRoboticsCompetitionDearChris,Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiJin【参考范文】DearChris,Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.TheWorldAdolescentRoboticscompetitionwillbeheldinTianjinattheendofJulysoastopromotethedevelopmentofrobotics.WhatIwouldliketostressisthatitislookingfornewmembersatthismoment.Iwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinit,sinceIknowyou'vejustwonfirstprizeintheRoboticscompetitionheldinyourinstituteandhaveshowngreattalentindesigningrobotics.Therefore,youarethemostsuitableperson,Isuppose.Thetrainingschedule,inadditiontoregulartraining,includesjoininginavarietyofactivities,suchasparticipatinginsomenationalcompetitions.Iwillsenditsdetailstoyoubye-mail.Iwouldappreciateitifyougiveussomeadviceonhowtomakeitperfect.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiJin语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1．burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发【教材原句】Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。【例句研读】(1)Sheburstoutcryingforawhile,andburstintolaughterforanothermoment,whichmadeusataloss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又___________，这使我们一头雾水。（1）突然笑起来(2)Weallthoughthisheartwouldburstwithhappiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要____________了。（2）爆发出来(3)Thepoliceburstinandarrestedthegang.警察______________逮捕了那帮人。（3）突然闯进来【归纳拓展】burstout迸发；突然发作；突然……起来burstinto闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作burstintotears/songs/laughter/angryspeech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burstoutcrying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burstin闯入burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支beburstingtodo渴望，急着要做(某事)ata(one)burst一阵；一口气；一举；一下aburstofanger怒火的迸发【即时巩固】单项填空1.Oneminutesheburstinto____,andthenextsheburstout____.Wejustcouldn’tcatchhermoodatanymoment.A．crying;laughterB．tears;laughingC．tears;laughterD．crying;laughing2.Rose’shumorwas________makeeverystudentburstinto_______.A．soamusedasto…laughterB．soamusingasto…laughterC．suchthat…laughingD．sothat…laughing【答案】B完成句子3.Afterthat,he______________________(突然大哭起来)．4.Therecame_______________________(一阵笑声)．5.Heblewtheballoon________________(直到它爆裂为止)．【答案】(1)burstoutcrying/burstintotears(2)aburstoflaughter(3)untilitburst考点2．ruinn.[U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹v.(使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭【教材原句】Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。【例句研读】(1)Drinkwashisfather'sruinanditwillbetheruinofhimtoo.酗酒是他父亲________的原因，他也将遭同样的__________。（1）失败;厄运(2)Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.多年的战事已经使得这个地区__________。（2）一片废墟(3)Alargenumberofchurchesfelltoruinaftertherevolution.革命过后，许多教堂________。（3）都毁了(4)Theheavyrainruinedourholiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底__________。（4）搞糟了(5)Ifyougoonlikethis,you'llruinyourself.如果你继续这样下去，你会自己___________。（5）毁了自己【归纳拓展】inruins成为废墟；破败不堪betheruinof成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因come/falltoruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bringsb.toruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产bringruinupononeself自取灭亡ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)Anearthquake________________________(使全城到处是颓垣断壁)．(leave)(2)Somepre－warconstructionswereabandonedandeventually________________(成了废墟)．(3)Thatonemistake________(毁坏)hischancesofgettingthejob.【答案】(1)leftthewholecityinruins(2)fell/cametoruin(3)ruined（4）Hisfuturelies__________becausehewascaughtstealingintheshopandputintoprison.A．asusualB．inruinsC．bymistakeD．onpurpose【答案】B考点：考查介词短语辨析考点3．injurevt.损害，伤害【教材原句】Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。【例句研读】(1)Theboyinjuredhisleg.这个男孩把腿_____________。（1）弄伤了(2)Yourremarkmayinjureherpride.你的话也许会___________。（2）伤她的自尊(3)Ididn'tmeantodoheraninjury.我并未打算_________她。（3）伤害【归纳拓展】in