权威trados英汉记忆库：政府报告类(38万字)

ChineseEnglish在当前和今后一段时间我国经济面临下滑的情况下，我们既需要加大各类投资以稳定经济，也必须寻找新的经济增长点以拉动消费AtatimewhentheChineseeconomyisinadownturnatpresentandforsometimetocome,wemustintensifyalltypesofinvestmentstostabilize一些传统产业部门目前面临外部需求减少、国内成本升高的双重压力，萎缩、调整之势难止，国家除对其进行必要的支持使其升级外，这些产业难以承担起拉动国内消费和拉动产业结构升级的双拉动重任。Sometraditionalindustrialsectors,nowunderthedualpressurefromreducedexternaldemandandrisingdomesticcost,canhardlyreversethetrendofshrinkingandadjustment.Unlessthestateprovidesnecessarysupportfortheirupgrading,theseindustriescanhardlyassumethedoublestimulationresponsibilityofstimulatingthedomesticconsumptionandupgradingtheindustrialstructure.要实现双拉动目标，更需要支持一些先导性产业，这些产业应符合三个基本要求：Inordertoachievethedoublestimulationgoal,thestateshouldoffergreatersupporttosome一是有一定产业规模，带动能力强；First,theymusthavecertainindustrialscaleandthepullingability.二是能拉动居民消费，成为新的消费热点；Second,theycanstimulatepersonalconsumptionandbecomenewhotspotsofconsumption.三是产业发展条件相对成熟，通过努力有可能进入世界先进行列。Third,theymustrelativelyripeconditionsforindustrialdevelopmentandcanenterintotheranks如果在这一轮刺激经济增长中积极支持这类先导性产业的发展，那我们就可以将短期的经济增长目标同长期的结构和技术升级结合起来，加快产业结构调整和发展方式转变。Ifactivesupportisgiventothedevelopmentofthesefrontrunnerindustriesinthisroundofeconomicgrowthstimulation,weshallbeinapositiontocombinetheshort-termtargetsofeconomicgrowthwiththelong-termstructuralandtechnologicalupgradingandaccelerateindustrialrestructuringandthechangeinthemodeofdevelopment.电子信息产业可以成为双拉动的先导性产业ElectronicInformationIndustryCanBecomeaFrontrunnerIndustrytoPlayDoubleStimulationRoles加工贸易转型升级的方向与政策DirectionofandPolicyonProcessingTradeRestructuringandUpgrading加工贸易始于1979年，目前已经成为中国对外贸易的半壁江山。Chinasprocessingtrade,whichbeganin1979,nowaccountsforhalfofthecountrysforeigntrade.加工贸易的发展一直伴随着争议。Thedevelopmentofprocessingtradehasalwaysbeenaccompaniedbycontroversies.自中央提出加工贸易转型升级的方针以来，对于加工贸易如何转型升级也出现了种种探索。Sincethecentralgovernmentputforwardtheprincipleontherestructuringandupgradingofprocessingtrade,therehavealsobeendiverseexplorationsonthisissue.时值中国对外开放30年之际，深入总结加工贸易发展的历史经验，谋划未来加工贸易转型升级之方向与政策，具有重大现实意义。Therefore,itisofmajorpracticalsignificancetosummarizethehistoricalexperienceindevelopingprocessingtradeandtoconsiderthedirectionofandpolicyonthefuturerestructuringandupgradingofprocessingtradeatatimewhenChinamarksthe30thanniversaryofitsopeningtotheoutsideworld.加工贸易是中国对外开放战略的重要组成部分ProcessingTradeisanImportantComponentofChinasOpen-upStrategy改革开放后，中国调整了经济发展战略，从计划体制下的进口替代战略，转变为进口替代与出口导向相结合的战略，即在资本、技术密集部门继续实行进口替代的战略，而在劳动密集部门实行出口导向的战略，开放部门的主要责任是为进口替代部门引进技术、设备和原材料提供外汇。AfterChinabeganreformandopeningup,itadjusteditseconomicdevelopmentstrategy,switchingfromtheimportsubstitutionstrategyundertheplannedeconomytothestrategyofcombiningimportsubstitutionwithexportorientation.Inotherwords,thecapitalandtechnology-intensivesectorswouldcontinuetopursuetheimportsubstitutionstrategy,whilethelabor-intensivesectorswouldpursueanexport-orientedstrategy.Themaintaskofthesectorsopeningtotheoutsideworldwastoearnforeignexchangesfortheimportsubstitutionsectorstoimporttechnologies,equipmentandrawmaterials.因此，中国对外开放的核心目标是出口创汇。Therefore,thecoregoalofChinasopeningupatthetimewastoearnforeignexchangesthroughexport.围绕出口创汇这一核心目标，中国的开放战略主要在两条主线上展开，一是吸收出口导向型的外商直接投资，二是鼓励本土企业扩大出口。Aroundthiscoregoalof¡°earningforeignexchangesthroughexport¡±,China¡¯sopen-upstrategywasimplementedalongtwomainlines.Onewastoattracttheexport-orientedforeigndirectinvestmentsandtheothertoencourageChineseenterprisestoexpandexport.在第一条主线上，政府采取了多种措施，包括建立特殊经济区、完善基础设施、对外资实行优惠的税收政策，以及对外资项目进行筛选，鼓励出口导向型的项目，一方面对外资项目提出绩效要求，主要是本地含量、外汇平衡和出口比例的要求，另一方面对出口型企业（出口超过其产值70%）在所得税方面给予再减半的优惠。Alongthefirstmainline,thegovernmentadopteddiversemeasurestoencourageexport-orientedprojects,suchasestablishingspecialeconomiczones,improvinginfrastructure,offeringpreferentialtaxpoliciestoforeigninvestorsandscreeningforeign-investedprojects.Ontheonehand,itsetperformancerequirementsfortheforeign-investedprojects,mainlyconcerninglocalcontents,foreignexchangebalanceandexportratio.Ontheother,itcuttheincometaxbyhalffortheexport-orientedenterprises(whoseexportexceeded70%ofitsoutputvalue).其中最为重要的政策措施之一，就是实行加工贸易政策。Oneofthemostimportantmeasureswastointroduceapolicyonprocessingtrade.中国实行对外开放政策之际，正值日本和东亚新兴经济体劳动密集型产业因成本上升而对外寻求低成本生产加工地之时。Chinabegantoimplementtheopen-uppolicyatatimewhenthelabor-intensiveindustriesinJapanandotherEastAsianemergenteconomieswerelookingforlow-costproductionandprocessingplacesduetotheirrisingcosts.这些投资项目具有大进大出的特点，其原材料、零部件需要从母国或其他经济体进口，其产品需要出口。Theseinvestmentprojectswerecharacterizedwithmassimportsandmassexports.Theymustimporttheirrawmaterialsandsparepartsfromtheirnativecountriesorothereconomiesandexporttheirproducts.适应这些外资项目这一特点，是中国能否抓住东亚地区产业转移机遇的关键。WhetherChinacouldadaptitselftothischaracteristicoftheseforeign-investedprojectsbecameakeyfactorforwhetherChinacouldseizetheopportunitiesarisingfromtheindustrialtransfersfromtheEastAsianregion.一方面，中国的进口替代部门仍需高关税及非产品税壁垒的保护，另一方面，高关税等贸易壁垒又会阻碍出口导向型的外资项目进入中国。Ontheonehand,Chinasimportsubstitutionsectorsstillneededtheprotectionofhightariffsandnon-producttariffbariers.Ontheother,hightar