高中英语语法：虚拟语气

虚拟1.英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气定义虚拟语气的考点1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4.状语从句中虚拟语气的用法；5.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.一般条件句中的虚拟语气1.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.2.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.3.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.4.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.与未来事实可能相反1.IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe___metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；条件从句中含有should，were，had三个助动词可将其放在句首，并把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?3.混合(时间错综)型虚拟语气：假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.without和butfor构成虚拟。•Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.•Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.•Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.4.含蓄虚拟条件句：Ifitwerenot(hadnotbeen)for…5.虚实结合条件句。Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Hetelephonedmetoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.Hecouldhavedonetheworkwell,buthewassocareless.真实语气+otherwise/or+虚拟语气虚拟语气+but+真实语气名词从句中虚拟语气的用法1）wish引导的宾语从句wish现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气2）表示坚持，命令，要求，建议的动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。•我们建议Tom去休息一下。•他坚决要求我到场。•国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。•他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)beexecutedthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire•It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.•Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.•Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2.主语从句中的虚拟语气1）It’sessential/necessary/strange/natural/important+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.2）It’sapity/nowonder…+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，表示惊讶，遗憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+动词原形1.Itisapitythatsheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer.2.ItisnowonderthatJohnshouldhavewonthegame.名词性从句中的虚拟语气A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。考题点击：1.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…c.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击：1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryA状语从句中虚拟语气的用法1）asif/asthough现在：过去：过去时过去完成时•Helooksasifheweredrunk.•Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.•Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.•Itseemsasifitwerespring.•Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.2）incase,forfearthat,lest等引导的虚拟语气1.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.2.IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbyou.Iwasafraidtoopenthedoorlestheshouldfollowme.常用虚拟语气的其他句型1.wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时2.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!3.It’shightime+tha