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工程力学(二)复习题B及答案土木工程专升本(64学时)一、实心圆轴外力偶矩如图示,已知材料100MPa,98010PaG,2m,60mmd,试校核此轴的强度和刚度。解:(1)画扭矩图最大扭矩值2kNm2)最大切应力BC段:36maxmax3331616210Nm47.210Pa=47.2MPa0.06mBCPTTWd3)最大单位长度扭转角BC段:3max492432180180322101801.13m80100.06BCBCPTTGIGdmax=47.2MPa100MPa,max1.13m2m,安全。二、铸铁梁的载荷及截面尺寸如图所示,已知许用拉应力MPa40][t,许用压应力MPa160][C,横截面4cm5.6012,mm5.157ZCIy。试求:(1)弯矩图;(2)按正应力条件校核梁的强度。AkN20Dm3m2m1BECz3030200yCkN10y(单位:mm)200解:(1)作弯矩图,B、E处的弯矩:B点弯矩:M=-20kNmE点弯矩:M=10kNm11kNmm23kNmmACB32kNmmT1kNm2kNm+-M(2)应力与强度B截面:][MPa4.52105.6012105.1571020][MPa1.24105.6012105.721020C833ZBct833ZBtIyMIyM下上E截面:][MPa1.12105.6012105.721010][MPa2.26105.6012105.1571010C833ZEct833ZEtIyMIyM上下满足强度要求。三、木制短柱四角分别由四个等边角钢加固,短柱截面为边长a=250mm的正方形,材料的许用应力[]1=12MPa,弹性模量E1=10GPa;等边角钢边长b=40mm,厚度h=5mm,材料的许用应力为[]2=160MPa,弹性模量为E2=200GPa。试根据强度条件计算结构的许可载荷[F]。mkN20mkN10MFlbbhaah解:(1)一次静不定,求多余约束平衡方程:0FyFF4F2N1N变形协调条件:21ll2222N1111NAElFAElF2N22111NFAEAEF代入平衡方程:FF4FAEAE2N2N22114AEAEFF22112N1122221122111NAEAE41F4AEAEFAEAEF(2)确定许可载荷面积:21m0625.025.025.0A242m1075.3005.0035.004.0A111N1AF111NAF111122AAEAE41FkN3600625.010101075.310200410625.01012AEAE41AF94961122111222N2AF222NAF222211A4AEAEFkN716410375.3102000625.0101010375.3101604AEAEAF499462211222由于12FFkN360F四、图示直角曲拐ABC处于水平面内,BC垂直于AB,其中D和C处分别作用有铅垂力kN21F,kN42F,B处作用有水平力kN23F。已知AB杆的直径m1.0d,材料为低碳钢,其MPa160][。若不计剪力引起的切应力,试求:(1)画出危险点的应力状态,求出危险点的主应力;(2)选择合适的强度理论校核AB杆的强度。解:(1)危险截面内力轴力32kNNFF扭矩30.150.1540.6kNTF弯矩210.60.30.640.323kNMFF危险截面:固定端截面A(2)危险点的应力状态危险点在A截面上边缘336232104310320.8961096.8MPa0.10.1NzFMAW33160.6109.6MPa0.1pTW(3)危险点的主应力2212232222xyxyxy221222022322(4)强度计算第三强度理论:2222313496.849.698.7MPa160MPar安全五、图示结构由水平刚性横梁AB和竖直杆DE铰接而成。已知:DE杆为正方形m3.01F2Fm3.0ABCDm15.03F横截面杆,m1l,mm50c,材料为Q235钢,MPa200p,MPa240s,GPa200E,直线公式系数MPa310a,MPa14.1b。不计结构自重,且AB杆的强度足够,若规定DE杆的稳定安全系数4][stn,试根据DE杆的稳定性要求确定结构的许可载荷][F。解:(1)DE杆的力0AM20DEFlFl2DEFF(2)计算杆的柔度DEli12DElm3421120.051120.01441212bhciIAbhccm120.0144138.9DEli32001099.3200ppE31024061.41.14ssab138.999.3p大柔度杆(3)稳定条件确定许可载荷224294222200100.05257kN121212crDEDEEIEcFllcrstFnnF25764.3kN4crstFFn64.3kNFl2lABDFcclE
本文标题:工程力学(二
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