垂直轴风力发电机电压控制器的研发

河南科技大学硕士学位论文垂直轴风力发电机电压控制器的研发姓名：任雁申请学位级别：硕士专业：精密仪器及机械指导教师：李建朝20091201IPWMIGBTATMEGA16PWMIGBTIIPWMIGBTATMEGA16IIISubject:theDesignofVerticalAxisWindTurbineVoltageControllerSpecialty:PrecisionInstrumentandMachineryName:RenYanSupervisor:LiJianchaoAssociateprofessorABSTRACTThedevelopmentandutilizationnewpollution-freeenergyhasbecomeanurgentproblemwiththereductionofcoal,oil,naturalgasandothertraditionenergy.Theverticalaxiswindpowergenerationsystemisakindoftestsystemwhichmakesuseofnewnon-pollutingenergy–thewind.TheWindenergyistransformtothemechanicalenergythroughthewindrotationandthenconvertedintoelectricitythroughthegenerator.Theoutputvoltageisstabledthroughtheregulatorforthechargetothebattery,therebythestablepowercanbeprovidedtotheuser.Meanwhile,thechargevoltageandwindwheelspeedcanbedisplayedonthescreen.TheinstableACisissuedbythenewwindpowerinstallationswiththenewwheel.TheshuntregulatorwhichisregulatedbythevoltageregulatorcircuitisusedtosteadytheunstableACandconverteditintothestableDC,andthenthebatteryischargedbythestableDC.TheMCUcontrolon-offtimeofIGBT,thusaclosed-loopisformedbythesystemtocontrolchargevoltage.Andthechargingvoltageisdisplayedonthescreen.Atthesametime,theHallsensorisusedtomeasurethespeedofthewindwheelwhichisdisplayedonthescreen.Inaddition,therelaycontrolledbyMCUcanalsoenhancingtheworkperformanceandefficiencyofbattery.Thiswindpowergenerationsystemisconsistingbythreeparts:themachinerysystem,regulationsystemandmonitoringsystem.Theoutputparametersandthemechanicalstructureoftwonewpowergenerationsaredescribedinthemachinerysystem.Theinputmodule,voltageregulatormoduleanddrivermodulewhichplaystheroleofregulationtotheoutputvoltageisdescribedintheregulationsystem.Monitoringandcontrolsystemismadeupofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.ThecoreofhardwaresystemistheATMEGA16microcontroller,includingthesignalconditioningmodule,PWMmodule,displaymodule,andcontrolmodule.ThecontrolledofIGBT,thecollectiontothedataofspeedandchargevoltageaswellasthecontroloftherelayarecompletedbymonitoringandcontrolsystem.IVTheresultsofExperimentalandsimulationshowthattheVerticalaxiswindpowergenerationsystemownmanyadvantage,suchasthehighpowergenerationefficiency,goodperformanceofregulators,precisionandaccurateofmeasurementaswellastheSimplicityofthecontrol,whichbringthedeterminatepracticalvaluetothissystem.KEYWORDS:Verticalaxiswindturbines,PulseWidthModulationPWM,DrivingcircuitofIGBT,ATMEGA16single-chipcomputer,Hallsensor,rotatespeedmeasurementDissertationType:Appliedresearch1111.1[1]1.1.12×107MW1010kW2.53kW7.5kW10kW20035.67kW[2]1.1.2,[3]1-13.4~5.4m/s1.1.3200420042525%[4]21-1Fig.1-1Thediagramofwindpower1-2“”[5]1-2Fig.1-2Windpower1.21-3[6]13ab1-3Fig.1-3Windturbinesofwindwheel1.2.195%[7]ΦS[8]1.2.24[9]1.2.3CleanfieldEnergy3.5kW“”“”2m/s[10]1.31.3.11040r/min20[11]15200791.5MW40%2MW[12]1.3.2[13]61.41.4.1[14]1-4abcIGBTd1-4Fig.1-4Thediagramofvoltagecontrollerofwindturbines171.4.2[15][16]1.582922.1[17]2.1.1S2-12-2123456782-1Fig.2-1Topplanviewofwindwheel102-2Fig.2-2Thephysicaldiagramofsanjixiaowowindwheel2.1.2V2112.1.32-3(a)=0.6m=0.3m2-3(b)2-3(a)2-4QDF-6LTZ-307v10.5m/s2-1abaThepatternofsanjixiaowowindwheelbThepatternofthegeneralwindwheel2-3Fig.2-3Thepatternofthewindwheel657431212345672-4Fig.2-4Thediagramofeasywindtunnelmodel122-1Tab.2-1Experimentaldataofwindwheel12345678910r/min66.566.766.966.465.367.967.366.065.867.366.6r/min95.094.294.893.895.695.195.394.994.395.694.8123456789FbOAP2-5Fig.2-5Theschematicoftorquemeasurement2-52-472-5O15°OP0.8m2-5P1P2……P9b=0.16mALTZ-30AP5OAAP5FbTFb=⋅2-22-2Tab.2-2Theexperimentaldataoftorque123456789()FN8.7014.016.329.740.327.325.014.38.7()TNm⋅1.3922.2402.6084.7526.4484.3684.02.2881.3922-12-22132.2[18]2.2.1UUU2-62-71234567891011121314151617182-6Fig.2-6Thestructuraldiagramofmagnetogenerator142-7Fig.2-7Thephysicaldiagramofmagnetogenerator2.2.2U10~15U215[19]2.2.32-8[20][21]0.092-32-8Fig.2-8Themodeloftestingcoil2-3Tab.2-3Therelationtableofcoilturnsandpeakvoltage123456789101112/N50010001500200025003000350040004500500055006000/mV638699118137165238319374463524590m=abBδϕ⋅⋅2-1abBδ=/60vDnπ⋅⋅2-2Dn16=/tav∆2-3mm=/Etϕ∆2-42-1~2-4m=/60EbBDnδπ⋅⋅⋅⋅2-5(2-5)Nmaxm=/60UNENbBDnδπ⋅=⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅2-62.331733.13.1.13740-90V2000W40-90V24V24V3.1.2[22]183.1.3CPUPWMIGBT3-1CPUDC-DCR3-1Fig.3-1Thediagramofregulatorsystem3.24090V3.2.1C1C2C3C4L1L2L3L4C1C2L1L2C3C43-2L1L2[23]L1L2C1C2πLC[24]319C3C4L3L4C1L1L2C2L3L4C3C43-2Fig.3-2ACinputcircuit3.2.24090V1[25]3-13-1Tab.3-1ThecomparisonofdifferentrectificationcircuitU1U12U1U122U1I1.21U12U11.2U122U10.5I0.483-3D1D4D2D3D3D4D1D220D1D2D4D3C10C9C7C5C6C8L53-3Fig.3-3ThecircuitofRectifierfilterC9C10[26]3-32C9C103-31000µF200V[27]C9L53.324V2128V48108V321BUCKDC-DC3-4BUCKIGBTL6D8VGVEVIGBTD9R1N1N2C11C13C14R2R3L7C12D73-4Fig.3-4Theregulationmodule3.3.1IGBTIGBTL6N1L6C12IGBTL6N1N1D8N2D9C11L7IGBTDC-DC50kΩ10kΩR1R2C13CPUCPUCPUPWMIGBT22IGBTIGBTIGBTIGBTC11D710kΩR3R33.3.21IGBT10kHz221V~28V24V/48V/24VN1N2=213IGBT42V2000WI=2000/4247.6AIGBT108VIGBT50AIGBT1MBI50L-06050A600V4L5IGBTL522LIWPt==⋅(3-1)P=2000W10.000110010000tssµ===I=50A222220000.000116050