小学英语名词讲解.ppt

目录01020304名词代词介词形容词目录05060708连词、冠词副词数词感叹词在我们生活中存在着形形色色的人与物，他们都有自己的称呼。像Sydney（悉尼）,door（门），family（家庭），简单来说，表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等名称的词都叫名词名词n.专有名词普通名词12集体名词抽象名词个体名词物质名词专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词2.国家、山川、河流、地名Korea,Thailand,EgyptParis,PacificOceanMt.Qomolangma1.人名、尊称和头衔Einstein,ChairmanXi,PresidentTrumpMr.Brown,DoctorLinQueenElizabethII3.团体，机构，报刊ChinaDaily，Reuters4.星期月日年和节日WednesdaySunday,NationalDay5.普通名词构成的专有名词TheNorthPole,theForbiddenCity,theWhiteHouse,theTempleofHeaven普通名词个体名词物质名词抽象名词集体名词集体名词army,audience,crowd,family,policepeople物质名词air,oxygen(氧气)，rain，snow,fire,iron,wood,water,milk,tea,coffee,fish,chicken个体名词authorbosscitycookengineerlaundry抽象名词love,beauty,envy,respect,sadness,courage,truth,youth,courage,pace水茶面包巧克力咖啡牛奶与果汁鸡肉牛肉配米饭头发雨草纸与钱爱与美丽和勇气力量真理与和平悲伤嫉妒与青春温度尊敬和责任名词的数可数名词不可数名词单数a/an复数-s,-es1）一般情况下加-s如book--books（书）desk--desks（书桌）2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es如box--boxes（盒子）bus--buses(公共汽车)注意①以th结尾加-s,month--months②stomach--stomachs3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es.如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s.如：day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es如knife-knives(书),half-halves(一半)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶),safe-safes,chief-chiefs,belief-belifes5)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos(钢琴),zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero两种方式都可：zero-zeros或zeroes(零)妻子持刀去宰狼小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光妻子wife刀knife狼wolf小偷thief架子shelf自己self生命life一半half树叶leaff&fe海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。例如：gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief，这些名词变复数直接加-s。o黑人和英雄吃土豆西红柿+esNegroesandheroeseattomatmesandpotatoes.你在zoo里，看见一根bamboo，上面挂着photo照的是一架piano，上面放着一个radio+s中国人开着宇宙飞船去吃日本人的绵羊鹿和鱼ChinesespacecraftJapanesesheepdeerfish（单复同形）中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。例如：1)Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese；2)Englishman→Englishmen,Englishwoman→Englishwomen,Frenchman→Frenchmen,Frenchwoman→Frenchwomen；3)American→Americans,Russian→Russians,Arab→Arabs,German→Germans等。不可数名词的量-用of表示aglassofwaterajarofjamapocketofsweetthreecupsofcoffeetwobagsofrice单词/短语意义单词/短语意义notany/no没有alotof许多little几乎没有lostsofalittle/some一些plentyofmost大部分muchall全部agreatdealof名词所有格有生命的所有格's单数词尾+'s复数词尾+s'无生命的名词所有格of+n.thetitleofthenovelthewindowofthehousetheendoftheroadthesubjectofthesentenceTheprofessorgavehimoneofthebest___________afterclass.A.pieceofadviceB.piecesofadvicesC.pieceofadvicesD.pieceofadviceGostraight,__________andyou'llfindasignforthetoilet.A.threeminutes'awayB.threeminutes'walkC.threeminutes'awayD.threeminute'swalkThewomanoverthereis________mother.A.Lily'sandLucy'smotherB.Lily'sandLucyC.LilyandLucy'sD.LilyandLucyMovealongandmake________forme.A.aroomB.roomC.chairD.tables1.Two___________________(family)liveinthisbuilding.2.Lookatthose___________(child).3.Icanseea______________(policeman).4.Therearesome_________(glass)onthetable.5.Wouldyoulikesome________(bread)?