2020年中考英语试题分类专题：任务型阅读-完成句子及表格

(2018江苏扬州)五、任务型阅读（共10空；每空1分，计10阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Beyonditsinfluenceonhealth,notgettingenoughsleepcanleadtocaraccidentsorothermistakes.Herearewhatsleepresearchershavefoundabouthowtosleep.Howmuchsleepdoweactuallyneed?Itisknownthatallofusnaturallyneednolessthaneighthoursofsleeppernight.Whenwesleepbelowsixhoursper24,we’reatanincreasedriskofhealthproblems.Someofusthinkwecanmakeupanyofthosehourslostduringtheweekontheweekends.Sadly,thereisnostoragesystemforsleepinthebrain.Canwetrainourselvestoneedlesssleep?Asastudyin1964,a17-year-oldboynamedRandyGardenstayedawakefor264hours.Howmanypeoplecoulddoanythingclosetothatwithoutdying?Whenyouarereadingthis,youmightsayyouusuallygetsixhoursofsleepandfeeljustfine.Sleepexpertsoftencomparepeoplewithoutenoughsleeptodrunkdrivers:Theydon’tgetbehindthewheelthinkingthey’reprobablygoingtokillsomeone.Canwedrinkcoffeeinsteadofsleeping?Coffeecankeepusawake.Remember,toomuchcoffeemaythrowoffoursleepandenergycycles.Solimitcoffeeandavoidcaffeineforhourtosixhoursbeforebedtime.Doesasenseofpurposeconnecttosleepquality?Anewresearchsuggestsakindofstrongconnectionbetweenpurposeinlifeandsleep.Peoplewhohaveagreatersenseofpurposeusuallyhavebetterphysicalandmentalhealth,whichinturnexplainstheirhigher-qualitysleep.Perhapsdevelopingasenseofpurposeinlifecouldbeasusefulatimprovingsleepasthehealthyhabitsabove.HowtosleepIntroductionNotgettingenoughsleepcaninfluenceourhealthand__56____manymistakes.Findingsfrom___57___researchersHowmuchsleepdoweactuallyneed?●Eighthoursofsleepanighis__58___forallofus.●Sleepinglessthansixhoursadaycan__59__theriskofhealthproblems.●Itis__60___tomakeupthelostsleepinghoursduringtheworkweek.Canwetrainourselvestoneedlesssleep?●Peoplewithoutenoughsleepwouldinsistthattheywere___61___,butweren’tdoingwellatall.Canwedrinkcoffeeinsteadofsleeping?●Usingcoffeeinsteadofsleepingmightleadtosleep___62____.●Drinkproperamountofcoffeeatproper___63___.Doesasenseofpurposeconnecttosleepquality?●Asenseofpurposeinlifeisclosely__64__withsleepquality.●Peoplewithagreatersenseofpurposemaysleep__65___.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。睡眠不足不仅影响健康，也会导致交通意外事故和其他失误。专家们从我们实际需要多少睡眠、我们能否训练少睡、饮咖啡能否代替睡眠和目标感与睡眠质量等方面说明我们应该怎样拥有好的睡眠。【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要从我们到底需要多少睡眠；我们可不可以不睡觉而喝咖啡；目标感与睡眠质量有无关系三个方面阐述睡眠不足除了影响健康之外，还会导致车祸或其他的错误。56.cause【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“notgettingenoughsleepcanleadtocaraccidentsorothermistakes(睡眠不足还会导致车祸或其他错误)”，可知此题考查leadto意为“导致”，相当于cause.故答案为cause.57.sleep【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Herearewhatsleepresearchershavefoundabouthowtosleep(下面是睡眠研究人员发现的睡眠方式)”可知答案为sleep.。58.necessary【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Itisknownthatallofusnaturallyneednolessthaneighthoursofsleeppernight(众所周知，我们每个人每天晚上当然需要不少于8小时的睡眠)”可知此题该句的同义句：It’snecessaryforallofustosleepeighthoursanight./Eighthoursofsleepanightisnecessaryforallofus.形容词necessary意为“必要的”。故答案为necessary.59.increase【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Whenwesleepbelowsixhoursper24,we’reatanincreasedriskofhealthproblems(当我们每24小时睡不到6小时，我们的健康问题风险就会增加)”可知此题考查词形转换。increased形容词，意为“增强的”，其动词形式为increase.根据“Sleepinglessthansixhoursadaycan__59__theriskofhealthproblems”中的can可知，情态动词后接动词原形。故答案为increase.60.impossible【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“Someofusthinkwecanmakeupanyofthosehourslostduringtheweekontheweekends.Sadly,thereisnostoragesystemforsleepinthebrain(我们中的一些人认为我们可以弥补周末一周中所损失的任何时间。不幸的是，大脑中没有睡眠储存系统)”可推知“Itis__60___tomakeupthelostsleepinghoursduringtheworkweek.”意为“在一周的工作时间里，要弥补失去的睡眠时间是不可能的”。故答案为impossible.61.fine【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Whenyouarereadingthis,youmightsayyouusuallygetsixhoursofsleepandfeeljustfine...(当你读这篇文章的时候，你可能会说你通常只有6个小时的睡眠，感觉很好……)可知答案为fine.62.problems【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“toomuchcoffeemaythrowoffoursleepandenergycycles(喝太多咖啡会影响我们的睡眠和能量循环)”可推知“Usingcoffeeinsteadofsleepingmightleadtosleep_______”句意为“不睡觉而喝咖啡可能导致睡眠问题或睡眠混乱”。故答案为problems.63.time【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“Coffeecankeepusawake.Remember,toomuchcoffeemaythrowoffoursleepandenergycycles.Solimitcoffeeandavoidcaffeineforhourtosixhoursbeforebedtime(咖啡能让我们保持清醒。记住，喝太多咖啡会影响我们的睡眠和能量循环。因此，在睡前的几个小时到六个小时内，不要喝咖啡和咖啡因)”可推知“Drinkproperamountofcoffeeatproper___63___.”句意为“在适当的时间喝适量的咖啡”。故答案为time.64.connected【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Doesasenseofpurposeconnecttosleepquality(目标感与睡眠质量有关吗)？”可推知“Asenseofpurposeinlifeisclosely__64__withsleepquality”句意为“生活中的目标感与睡眠质量密切相关”。故此题考查短语connectto/with意为“与……有关”，其同义短语为“beconnectedwith”。故答案为connected.65.better【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Peoplewhohaveagreatersenseofpurposeusuallyhavebetterphysicalandmentalhealth,whichinturnexplainstheirhigher-qualitysleep(目标感较强的人通常有更好的身心健康，这反过来解释了他们高质量的睡眠)”可推知“Peoplewithagreatersenseofpurposemaysleep__65___”句意为“目标意识较强的人睡得更好”。故此题考查well的比较级better.故答案为better.六、读写综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共20分)(2018•广东)A.信息归纳(共5小题，每小题1分，共5分)请阅读一张“共享小图”(一种新型社区图书馆)的海报，根据所提供的信息，完成信息卡，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。It’saMailbox...It’saBirdHouse...No.Wait.It’saLibrary!SunshineParkHasALittleFreeLibrary!BryanLimisexcitedtobethedirectoroftheLittleFreelibraryforourneighborinSunshineParkCommunity!Thewayitworksissimple:Webringtothelibraryanumberofgoodbooksthatwehopewillinterestourneighbors.Youstopbyandtakewhatevercatchesyoureyes.Youreturnandbringotherbooksforthelibrarywheneveryoucan.Booksarealwaysagift.Neverforsale!Joinus