初中英语语法—主谓一致和倒装句

BobBob_____aworker.MikeMikeandBob_____workers.BothMikeandBob____workers.NeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.BillAllofthem_____workers.Fillintheblankswith“be”:Canyoufindouttherulebetweensubjectsandverbs?英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致——三原则主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近一致单单复复形单意复复形复意单单neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,therebe句型等peoplepolicenews,politicsphysics,maths一、语法一致例如:HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.MyfriendsoftenhelpmelearnEnglish.主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致。1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。具体情况具体对待Tobe,ornottobe—thatisaquestion.Toseeistobelieve.ReadingaloudishelpfultolearnEnglish.Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.2、不定代词作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.Neitherofmysisterslikessports.Everyboyandgirlshowsgreatinterestinthisbook.3、专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.OneThousandAndOneNightstellspeoplelotsofinterestingstories.4、akindof,thenumberof等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.Thenumberofworkersinthefactoryis400.Akindofroseinthegardensmellsverypleasant.5、由some,several,both,few,many,anumberof等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数.Ontheseashore,somepeopleareplayingvolleyball.Bothofusarefondofwatchingfootballgames.Anumberofwill-begraduatesarevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofChina.6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如:alotof,mostof,anyof,halfof,threefifthsof,eightypercentof,someof,noneof,therestof,allof等Alotofmoneyintheshopwasstolenyesterday.AlotofstudentsarefromEnglandintheschool.二、意义一致这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。1)当主语后面接由but,except,besides,aswellas,asmuchas,including,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。Theteacher,withallhisstudents,isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.Thestudents,togetherwiththeirteacher,aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语:Thestudentsaregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekendtogetherwiththeirteacher.2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Twentyyearsstandsforalongperiodinone'slife.3)形容词前加定冠词即the+形容词作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数.如:Thesickhereareverywellcaredfor.Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.4)由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义。这类集体名词常见的有:army,class,club,crowd,family,government,group,people,police,public,team等.如：Thefamilyareallfondoffootball.Thefamilyisthetiniestcellofthesociety.6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:Herglassesarenew.但当这类名词前有apairof修饰时,谓语动词应用单数.如:ThispairoftrousersismadeinHangzhou.三、就近原则这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致，常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等.例如:EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.Neitherhisfamilynorheknowsanythingaboutit.1.Theold_____takengoodcareofinthiscountry.A.amB.isC.areD.was2.NobodybutSamandJohn______intheroom.A.areB.hadbeenC.wereD.is3.Myfamily_____havingsupperwhensuddenlythebellrang.A.isB.wasC.areD.were4.Swimminginthepoolwithfriends_____veryinteresting.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are5.Anumberofchildren_____fortheteachertocomenow.A.iswaitingB.arewaitingC.waitsD.waitedCDDCB6.Twohours_____notlongenoughforthistest.A.hasB.isC.areD.have7.Twothirdsofwater___fromtheYellowRiver.A.areB.comeC.wereD.comes8.NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WearefromAustraila.A.isB.amC.areD.be9.NotonlyTombutalsoAliceandMary_____busy.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are10.Thenews_____exciting.Wegotexcitedatit.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBDBDC11.BothLiLeiandHanMeimei___fondoftheTVprogramABiteofChina.A.isB.amC.wasD.are12.David,there_____adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.OK,mum.I’lldoitrightaway.A.isB.areC.hasD.have13.Robertwithhistwokids_____tothebeachforvacationeveryyear.A.goB.goesC.wentD.aregoing14.EitherMaryorhe_____goingtoParis.Onlyonepersonmaygothere.A.areB.isC.wasD.wereDABBLet’stry.Goodmorning!MynameShuailihao.Ithreeyearsoldnow.There3peopleinmyfamily.Myfathertall.Mymother(have)longblackhair.Bothofthemteachers.AndIamagoodchild.Ioften(get)upearly.Myhobbieslisteningtochildren’ssong,watchingcartoons,eatingcakesandsoon.I(like)eatingcakesbest.Thisme.Anactiveboy.Doyouloveme?Thankyouverymuch!Bye!isamareishasaregetarelikeis倒装句：1.倒装是指为了强调某种成分而进行的主语和谓语的倒装。2.倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。3.全部倒装是指把所有的谓语动词放到主语之前。4.部分倒装是指把部分的谓语动词提到主语之前。be动词，情态动词，助动词，have/has全部倒装：1.here，there，now,then等放在句首时。eg.Herecomesthebus.Therewentthebell.Thencamethechairman.2.表示运动方向的副词（up/down/in/out/away...）放在句首时。eg.Outrushedtheboy.Awaywenttheyoungman.Downjumpedthecat.3.表示方位的介词或介词短语放在句首时。eg.Onthetopofthemountainstandsaschool.Intheforestliesalake.Intheriverlivedaspecialtypeoffish.注：当句子主语是人称代词时不倒装。eg.Awayhewent.Outherushed.部分倒装：1.little,few,no,not,hardly,seldom,never等否定或半否定的词放在句首。eg.Iwillneverforgettheexperience.NeverwillIforgettheexperience.2.only放在句首时。eg.Irealizedthetruthonlythen.OnlythendidIrealizethetruth.Irecognizedhimonlywhenmyfriendtoldme.OnlywhenmyfriendtoldmedidIrecognizehim.3,so/neither/nor放在句首表示相同的情况时。so表示“也是”neither/nor表示“也不”。eg.TomhaseverbeentotheGreatWall.---SohaveI.(我也是)Idon'tknowtheanswer.---Neither/Nordoeshe