大学英语-翻译课件-笔译(定语从句)

定语从句的翻译英语定语从句的翻译方法主要涉及到限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的译法。此外，有些英语定语从句和主句之间还存在者状语关系，对这种定语从句的译法值得探讨。限制性vs.非限制性Hisfather,whoisstandingoverthere,worksinacomputercompany.Hisfatherwhoisstandingoverthereworksinacomputercompany.一、前置法Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。Therewillcomeadaywhenpeopletheworldoverwillliveahappylifeunderthesunofpeace.全世界人民在和平阳光下过幸福的生活的一天是会到来的。Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whowasaloofandarrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。二、后置法1、重复法Heunselfishlycontributedhisuncommontalentsandindefatigablespirittothestrugglewhichtodaybringsthem(thoseaims)withinthereachofamajorityofthehumanrace.他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力无私地奉献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天已使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。Itwasanoldwoman,tallandshapelystill,thoughwitheredbytime,onwhomhiseyesfellwhenhestoppedandturned.他站住，转过身来，定睛一看，是个年迈的妇女，她身材很高，仍然一副好模样，虽然受了时间的折磨而有点憔悴。练习1.CambridgeUniversityhasnurturedgreatscientists,thinkersandpoetssuchasNewton,Bacon,Milton,ByronandDarwin,whomadeoutstandingcontributiontotheprogressofmankind.2.OppositiontogeneticallymodifiedfoodshadcomemostlyfromrichWesterncountries,whosepeoplehadmorethanenoughtoeat.2、省略法Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweigheduptotwopoundseach.他居然种出二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle.是他收到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.饭后，四个主要的谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。Whenshewaslosttohisview,hepursuedhishomewardway,glancingupsometimesatthesky,wherethecloudsweresailingfastandwildly.直到看不见她，他才走向家去，有时抬头望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔驰。练习OneofthefeaturesofLondonisthenumberofbigstores,mostofwhicharetobefoundinorneartheWestEnd.Scientistshavebeendevotedtodevelopinghigh-yieldricevarietiesthatsparkedthegreenrevolutioninthe1970s.Likethepressinmostothercountries,Americannewspapersrangefromthesensational,whichfeaturecrime,sexandgossip,andtheserious,whichfocusonfactualnewsandtheanalysisofworldevents.三、融合法TheideathatthefamilyisthetraditionalunitofsocietyischallengedbyAmericanyouthwhoareincreasinglyturningdownmarriage.家庭是社会的传统组成成分，而美国青年越来越拒绝婚姻，使得这种观念受到了挑战．Applepieisafavoritesweet,andEnglishpuddings,ofwhichtherearevarioustypes,areanexcellentendingtoameal,especiallyinwinter.苹果派是人们喜爱的甜点，而英国布丁品种多样，用来结束全餐，非常不错，尤其冬天更是如此．练习Today’sJapanistotallydifferentfromtheJapanoffivedecadesago,particularlyinsocialattitudes,whichhavestrayedfromtraditionalAsianvalues.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityishigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Consumerswillwantroomiercarsthataresmalleroutside,safercarsthatweighless,andbetterperformingvehiclesthatareaffordable.非限制性定语从句可译成独立句HehadtalkedtoVice-PresidentNixon,whoassuredhimthateverythingthatcouldbedonewouldbedone.他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保，凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。Onewasaviolentthunderstorm,theworstIhadeverseen,whichobscuredmyobjective.有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我生平所仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。四、兼有状语职能的定语从句（一）译成表“因”的分句Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。（二）译成表示“果”的分句Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魅力，所以使他们很喜欢。（三）译成表“让步”的分句Myassistant,whohadcarefullyreadthroughtheinstructionsbeforedoinghisexperiment,couldnotobtainsatisfactoryresults,becausehefollowedthemmechanically.虽然我的助手在做试验之前已从头到尾仔细阅读过说明书，但由于他死搬硬套，所以不能得到满意的结果。（四）译成表“目的”的分句Theimperialiststatesmaintainenormousarmiesandgiganticnavies,whichareusedforoppressingandexploitingthepeopleindistantlands.帝国主义国家维持了庞大的陆海军，用以压迫和剥削远地的人民。（五）译成表“条件”、“假设”的分句Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.人们及其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。Hewouldbeashort-sightedcommanderwhomerelymannedhisfortressanddidnotlookbeyond.谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看，那他就是一个目光短浅的指挥员。练习1.Hedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.2.Helivedhislifeapartfromtheworkersonwhoseskillhedepended.3.Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentiontothematter.4.Anyonewhothinksthatrationalknowledgeneednotbederivedfromperceptualknowledgeisanidealist.