大学英语-翻译课件-笔译(意译与名词词组)

意译由于英语与汉语词汇上的局部不对等，有些英语的词汇在翻译成汉语成必须在理解和上下文连贯的基础上，进行再加工，把用以表达其他意义的汉语对某些英语词汇进行意译。TheEnglishhavenevershownthemselvesaversetoagamble,thoughfortunatelymostofthemknowwheretodrawtheline.drawtheline表示“限定”、“划定界限”、“不肯做到或超越某种程度”。英国人从不表示自己反对赌博，幸好大多数人知道适可而止。MusicinBritainisnotjustahighbrowinterest;itisabovealldemocratic.highbrow:apersonwhoisthoughttohavemorethanaverageknowledgeof,orinterestin,artisticandintellectualmattersdemocratic:believinginorpracticingtheprincipleofequality;oforfavoringdemocracy在英国，音乐不是阳春白雪，它首要的还是下里巴人式的音乐。Americafootballhasareputationforbeingabrutalanddangerousgame.Thisreputationisnotreallydeserved.人们都说美式足球是种野蛮而危险的运动，但事实并非如此。Americanstendtomovefromthespecificandsmalltothegeneralandlarge.Manyotherpeopletendtomovetheotherway.美国人常常从具体的小事转入一般的大事，但许多其他国家常常恰恰相反。WatergateconsumesRichardNixon’sPresidency.(1)toeatordrink,esp.eagerlyorinlargeamounts(2)touseup(time,money,goods,etc.)(3)todestroy水门事件结束了尼克松的总统生涯。Nike’sobsessionwithcost,qualityandspeedofproductionhasenabledittobeatthecompetition.obsession:afixedandoftenunreasonableideawithwhichthemindiscontinuallyconcerned耐克公司致力于降低成本，提高质量，加速生产，从而能够在竞争中获胜/成为赢家/立于不败之地。Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.好莱坞充满诱惑力，一心想当明星的年轻人/满怀明星梦的年轻人，要是运气还不错的话，能在那里实现自己的明星梦。练习ThereisnotmuchsocialsnobberyorjobsnobberyinUSA.Themanualworkerisusuallyquiteateaseinanycompany.ManyAmericanfirmshavetakenfrightattheprospectofbeinglockedoutofChinawhilecompaniesfromJapanandEuropecrowdin.ThedecentralizationofcontrolexplainstheremarkablediversitythatcharacterizesAmericaneducation.RecentlyAmericanschoolshavesufferedfrominadequatefundingasfederalandstategovernmentscutspending.Inforeignpolicy,flyingsolocanberiskybusiness.Anextensivepublicschoolsystemhasnotonlyprovidededucationbutservedastheglueforitsethnicallydiversesociety.Thecheckbookwillsoonbeadinosaur,replacedbymulti-purposecards.Almostfromthebeginningofhisterminoffice,PresidentClintonwasdoggedbyrumorsofhismaritalinfidelityandfinancialcorruption.名词词组翻译为分句的方法在翻译“despite”、“becauseof”、“hence”等加名词的结构时必须采用一定方式把名词处理为分句。基本的原则是使名词词组的译文具备谓语：1）把动词派生词转译为动词做谓语；2）添加动词作为分句的谓语。Britonsbuyvastnumberofnewspapersandmagazineandevenofbooks,especiallypaperbacks,whicharestillcomparativelycheapdespiteever-increasingrisesinthecostofprinting.英国人购买大量的报纸杂志,还有书籍,尤其是平装书.尽管印刷成本不断上涨,但是平装书仍然相对比较便宜.Theresearcherswanttoperfectcloningincowsbecauseofthelargemarketforexpensivehigh-qualitybeef.科研人员希望完善克隆牛技术,因为昂贵的高质牛肉市场庞大.练习Despitethewhite-hotdemand,thecolorTVsuppliersareexpectedtoreaponlythinprofitsduetoharshcost-cuttingefforttodriveitsretailprice.Owingtotheuncertaintyoftheweather,outdoorcafesarenotafeatureofEnglishlife.BecauseoftheproximityofHollywoodandothersitesassociatedwiththemovieindustry,LosAngelesisapopulartouristdestination.WithinEnglandtherearedifferencesbetweenthehardNorth,withitsreputationforstraightspeakingandsuspicionofhypocrisy,andthesupposedlymoreartificialSouth.Thesedifferencesarebecominglessrealthantheywere,withtheincreasingtendencyofpeopletomovefromonepartofthecountrytoanother.TheNorthisalwaysassociatedwiththeharshheavyindustries,coalminingandsteelandtextiles.AsofSouth,someofitisflat,someundulating,butthehillsarenomorethan300metershigh.Thecountrysideisgreenandtame,withsmallfieldsandmanyhedges.OutsideLondontherearefewlargetowns,butsmalltownsandsuburbsspreadandwandereverywhere,sothatthecountrysidehasatownishfeeling.AlthoughEnglandissosmallacountry,thedistanceswithinitalwaysseemtobegreaterthanonewouldexpect.Thisispartlybecausequiteashortjourneybringsmanychangeofscene,partlybecausethecrowdingofsomanypeopleintososmallanareamakestravelingratherslow.Englandishighlyindustrializedandwasthecountryinwhichtheearliestdevelopmentofmodernindustrytookplace.Bigcitieshavefineshopsandstreetsoffairlyhighoffice-blocks,withthevariousarchitecturalstylesofthepasthundredyearsmixeduptogether,butforthemostparttownstreetsaredominatedbytheshop-frontsoffamousstoresandsupermarkets,whichhavebranchesineverytown,eachwithitsarrangementrepeatedineachplace,andbyafewcinemasandclassicalbankbuildings.