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281200901PROGRESSINGEOGRAPHYVol.28,No.1Jan.,2009:2008-08;:2008-12.(40635028);(40771001)。:(1961-),,,,。E-mail:scli@urban.pku.edu.cn063~070(1.,100871;2.,,518055):、。,、,、、、。、、,、、,。,,:(1);(2);(3)。:;;;1,:,、;,/、。,。190010%,50%[1]。30,,,197817.9%200744.9%,[2],2090。,2020,[3]。2050,70%。,:(1),“”“”。2004660,20600。19495000,20055.62,43%。,20%40%22,1。,200543%“”,1.3“”[4]。(2)“”。、。,,,。、,、、、、,,,“”“”[5]。(3)。2090,、、,。,28、,。,,[6]。。、、,、、、、、、、,。、,,。2,,,。,:,,;,“”;,;。[1]。、,,。:(1)。,1991-2000,150,2001300,2002500,。,1997-2000,270;2001-2005,328。,20102001。,0.7,,。(2)。,,,,,,660,200[7]。(3)。,、、、。1GDP10~12,、。1,。(4),。。、、。90%65%,90%,36%。1.5t,200,50%10%。,“”;;、[8]。,,,,,,,。(5),。,,。,。,、。,10~100,[9]。641:33.1、。。3.1.11995,GrossmanKrueger,42,,“U”,(EKC)[10]。,、。Deosthali[11],Deplazes[12]。(InternationalHumanDimensionsProgrammeonGlobalEnviron-mentalChange,IHDP)。,—(UGEC)IHDP,、、、[13,14]。IHDP[15]。,:[16],,,、,[17]。,20081Science。,Grimm[1]《Globalchangeandtheecologyofcities》、(1)。3.1.2。,,、[4,5,7]。,:、,1-([1])Fig.1Frameworkshowingurbansocio-ecosystemasadriverofandrespondertoenvironmentalchange6528;、、;,;;[18]。300,108。、。[19][20];[21]。[22]。[23],,、,270km,,,,。[24]“”,,、,,,,。,,、,,,。,。,、。,,、[25]。。,,;;100.22℃[26]。,。;1961-20050.072℃,1991-20050.047℃,,[27]。。,,,。,、、、,GIS[28]。,[29],[30~31][32]。,。[33]SPOT/VGT-NDVI,。,,,;,GDP,,-----。、,[33]。,,[34]。,,,[35]。,。Shen[36],。,CO2、,。,[37],,、,661:、、。[38],,,;,,。;、、,。3.2,:(1),。,。,,。(2),。,,。,[39,40]、[41]、[42][43],、[44],。(3)。,;,,;,;、,、,。(4)。,,。,,,。4,。,,,,?????,、,,,,,。,。,,。,;,。,、、,。,。4.1、、、,。:(1);6728;。(2),();;、;。(3),;;;。(4),;--;;,、、、、。4.2。。,。/,。:(1)“”“”;/。(2),、。(3),()。4.3,。,,,。,。:(1);(2),、、;(3),;(4),;(5),、、、。,,,,。[1]GrimmNB,etal.Globalchangeandtheecologyofcities.Science,2008,319:756~760.[2]NorthamRM.UrbanGeography.NewYork:JohnWiely&Sons,1975.[3]UnitedNations.WorldPopulationProspects.NewYork,NY:UnitedNations,2002.[4],..,2007,4:1~6.[5],,..,2007,22:271~279.[6],..,2005,20(5):44~47.[7]..,2008,1:5.[8]..,2008,1:6~7.[9],,..,2008,19(1):120~126.[10]GrossmanG,KruegerA.Economicgrowthandtheenvi-ronment.QuarterlyJournalofEconomics,1995,110:353~377.[11]VrishaliDeosthali.Assessmentofimpactofurbanization681:onclimate:Anapplicationofbio-climaticindex.Atmo-sphericEnvironment,1999,33:4125~4133.[12]PeterDeplazes,DanielHegglin1,SandraGloor,etal.Wildernessinthecity:TheurbanizationofEchinococcusMultilocularis.TrendsinParasitology,2004,20(2):77~84.[13],,.IHDP.,2008,6,42~43.[14]IHDP.SciencePlan:UrbanizationandGlobalEnviron-mentalChange(IHDPReportNo.15).Bonn:IHDPSecre-tariat,2005.[15]IHDP.TheIHDPStrategicPlan2007~2015(IHDPUpdate1.2008).Bonn:IHDPSecretariat,2008.[16]IHDP.TheImplicationsofGlobalEnvironmentalChangeforHumanSecurityinCoastalUrbanAreas(IHDPUpdateIssue2September2007).Bonn:IHDPSecretariat,2007.[17]IHDP.UrbanizationandGlobalEnvironmentalChange-AnExcitingResearchChallenge(IHDPNewsletters2.2006).Bonn:IHDPSecretariat,2006.[18],,..,2008,16(1):234~240.[19]..,1998,11(2):20~22,27.[20]..,2003,10(3):114~116.[21],,..(),2003,39(2):273~279.[22]..,2005,(1):39~41.[23],,..,2002,(5):31~35.[24],,..,2008,26(6):16~17.[25],,..,2005,24(4):428~432.[26],,..,2006,49(1):66~77.[27],,..,2007,62(7):717~726.[28],,.———.,2007,162(6):579~588.[29],..,2004,23(2):97~106.[30],.———.,2007,(2):243~248.[31],,.———.,2006,(5):1450~1460.[32],,..,2006,21(10):1025~1032.[33],..,2008,27(1):1~5.[34]..,2006[35],,..,2005,24(8):953~957.[36]ShenWJ,etal.Effectsofurbanization-inducedenviron-mentalchangesonecosystemfunctioninginthePhoenixMetropolitanRegion,USA.Ecosystems,2008,11:138~155.[37],..,2003,22(2):211~220.[38],,..,2005,20(1):105~112.[39]..,1997,(2):11~12.[40],,..,2003,(6):16~19.[41]..,2001,21(3):312~317.[42],..,2007,17(10):158~160.[43],,..,2007,23(3):196~198.[44],..,2008,27(5):35~42.6928UrbanizationProcessandEffectsofNaturalResourceandEnvironmentinChina:ResearchTrendsandFutureDirectionsLIShuancheng1,ZHAOZhiqiang1,2,WANGYanglin1(1.CollegeofUrbanandEnvironmentalSciences,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China;2.TheKeyLaboratoryforEnvironmentalandUrbanSciences,ShenzhenGraduateSchool,PekingUniversity,Shenzhen518055,China)Abstract:TheurbanizationprocessinChinaischaracterizedbyexcessivedevelopment,signifi-cantregionaldifference,andobviousurban-ruraldualstructure,resultinginsignificanteco-envi-ronmentalimpactsonurbanecosystems.Thoseimpactsincludecultivatedlandloss,waterscarcity,energyshortage,environmentalpollutions,andincreasedecologicalfootprintinurbanarea,whicharethemaincausesforretrogressivesuccessionofecosystemstructures,processesandfunctions.Presently,relatedresearchesonurbanizationprocessandcorrespondingeco-environmentaleffectsfocusonurbanheatisland,urbanlanduse/landcover,urbanhydrologicaleffects,urbanbiodiver-sity,andurbanwaterandsoilresources,andshowspecificfeaturesandtrendssuchasparticularemphasisonsingleurbanizationfactor,singlecitycase,andsinglescaledescriptiveanalysis,espe-ciallythoselackingofmulti-scaleresearchesondynamicalmechanismsofurbanspatio-temporaldevelopment.Therefore,authorsproposesomeperspectiveresearchissuesonurbanprocessesandtheireco-environmentaleffects,andtheycanbeconcludedtothreedevelopmentdirections:(
本文标题:中国城市化过程及其资源与生态环境效应机制
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