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1经颅彩色双功能超声Transcranialcolor-codedduplexsonography,TCCD北京大学第一医院神经内科孙葳黄一宁2经颅彩色双功能超声•Transcranialcolor-codedduplexsonography,TCCD,TCCS•低频扇形探头(2.0-3.5MHz)•二维超声、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒•能量多普勒:信噪比高,不依赖超声角度,不易发生混叠现象,探测脑动脉瘤,狭窄处或狭窄后血流,超声角度不佳的血流,静脉和静脉窦•超声造影:Ultrasoundcontrastagents,UCAs(10μm)3二维超声AlexandrovAV,CerebrovascularUltrasoundinStrokePreventionandTreatment4彩色多普勒StephanG,etal.EurJournalofNeurology2002,9:1-85StephanG,etal.EurJournalofNeurology2002,9:1-8AlexandrovAV,CerebrovascularUltrasoundinStrokePreventionandTreatment6AlexandrovAV,CerebrovascularUltrasoundinStrokePreventionandTreatment7DMCV和BV简文豪,颅脑与外周血管超声诊断学8•TCCD可作结论性诊断(白种人):–ACA、MCA、PCA为80-84%–BA为92%–颅内VA为96-98%•颞窗不佳的脑缺血者中,使用UCAs(Levovist)有66-77%可以作出结论性诊断。•TCCD(包括使用UCAs),可以对超过90%的患者颅内动脉作出诊断。9•58例中重度半球卒中,起病6hr之内,TCCD(必要时UCAs)与CTA(13)/MRA(18)/DSA(1)对照•Unenhanced,55%,闭塞13,狭窄1,通畅18•UCAs,93%,闭塞25,狭窄2,通畅27•32例行CTA/MRA/DSA,其中31例与TCCD诊断一致(闭塞10,狭窄3,通畅18),1例TCCD无法作出结论。GerrietsT,etal.JNNP,2002,73:17-2010颅内动脉狭窄•CDFI:狭窄处异常色彩,“混叠现象”。彩色血流束变细,“束腰征”•频谱多普勒:狭窄处血流速度异常增快,频谱紊乱(湍流、频谱充填等),狭窄前后血流速度减低•狭窄较轻者彩色血流无明显改变•狭窄严重或狭窄节段较长者,彩色血流束连续性欠佳,甚至中断,血流速度也可不增快或者明显减低11颅内动脉狭窄和闭塞的标准•Baumgartner等(stroke,1999),根据DSA分为狭窄≥50%和50%,收缩期血流速度:–ACA≥155cm/s,≥120cm/s;–MCA≥220cm/s,≥155cm/s;–PCA≥145cm/s,≥100cm/s;–BA≥140cm/s,≥100cm/s;–VA≥120cm/s,≥90cm/s。•血管闭塞:在其它血管显影良好的条件下(至少同侧一条血管显影良好,以除外窗口原因),闭塞血管未见血流显示,测不到血流频谱。BaumgartnerRW,etal.Stroke.1999;87-9212颅内动脉狭窄标准BaumgartnerRW,etal.Stroke.1999;87-9213MCA狭窄14MCA狭窄prestenosisIntrastenosispoststenosisBaumgartnerRW,etal.Stroke.1999;87-9215MCA狭窄LinSK,etal.AJNR,1999;27:1493–9716M2狭窄LinSK,etal.AJNR,1999;27:1493–9717MCA闭塞UnenhancedUCAsCTA左MCA闭塞GerrietsT,etal.JNNP,2002,73:17-2018ICA狭窄ValaikieneJetal.AJNR,200719T-ICA狭窄LinSK,etal.AJNR,1999;27:1493–9720ACA狭窄BaumgartnerRW,etal.Stroke.1999;87-9221PCA狭窄LinSK,etal.AJNR,1999;27:1493–9722BA闭塞的双侧PCoA侧支血流StephanG,etal.EurJournalofNeurology2002,9:1-823右V4闭塞右V2低速高阻血流右V4未探及血流右PCoA开放AlexandrovAV,CerebrovascularUltrasoundinStrokePreventionandTreatment24右侧SSS右V2盗血左V2右V4盗血BAAlexandrovAV,CerebrovascularUltrasoundinStrokePreventionandTreatment25AVM简文豪,颅脑与外周血管超声诊断学26颈动脉海绵窦瘘,CCSFLinSK,etal.AJNR,1999;27:1493–9727颈动脉海绵窦瘘,CCSF简文豪,颅脑与外周血管超声诊断学28硬脑膜动静脉瘘,DAVF→DMCV,→BV,△中脑,▲右侧横窦,▲▲左侧横窦HarrerJU,etal.Stroke.2005,36:976-979.29SAH血管痉挛23岁,女,SAHKrejzaJ,etal.Radiology2005;236:621–62930动脉瘤简文豪,颅脑与外周血管超声诊断学31MCA动脉瘤介入治疗后TurnerCL,Stroke.2005;36:2654-265932BA尖动脉瘤介入治疗后TurnerCL,Stroke.2005;36:2654-265933PCoA动脉瘤介入治疗后TurnerCL,Stroke.2005;36:2654-2659343D-TCCDACoA动脉瘤Klotzschetal.Stroke.1999;30:2285-2290353D-TCCD左VA汇合处动脉瘤T型分叉处动脉瘤Klotzschetal.Stroke.1999;30:2285-229036TCCD优点•识别解剖标志和血管的空间关系,提高对检查准确性的信心(不必用压迫法确定血管)。•调节取样位置,根据血管与超声束夹角矫正血流速度。•追踪走行迂曲的动脉,识别动脉分支,识别椎动脉末端(左右侧)和基底动脉起始部。•使用彩色血流显像,能够探查血流紊乱区域。第3脑室、脑出血、动脉瘤、AVM可以定位。•使用能量多普勒、UCAs或三维重建,能够评价Willis环所有节段。37TCCD与MRA、DSA相比优点•可以床旁操作,根据需要随时重复检查•不合作、烦躁不安的患者也可检查•可以提供脑实质和脑室系统的信息•相对价廉38TCCD局限性•TCCD对颅内动脉探查和分级的诊断标准较少•尽管可用于评价颅内静脉血栓形成、动静脉畸形,但是尚不清楚在这些方面的可靠性和临床价值。TCCD不能用于脑动脉瘤的筛查。•由于颞骨使声波衰减,当不使用UCAs时,TCCD较传统TCD探查成功率低。•为确保检查的完整性和准确性,即使在彩色血流成像上Willis环不能显示或显示很差时,操作者必须要完成某一单深度的频谱分析(在运用其颅内解剖的知识推测可能包含动脉血流信号的深度)。尤其是在血管迂曲时。•设备较TCD仪昂贵,不宜于便携,没有可固定的监测探头。39TCCD能取代TCD吗?No!我还是更喜欢TCD40!MGvTWnBJynk)1qNwk#((PwV8F7WsT3d)$b&d$*qRY23GQJ69F1#xufDfH0IHFpo)ihgir10%#Tpxe7hmjcQwrDlosHAa+tPI&0#sQvlZk!nzYc*4#GSlgA-M)K-6(Ar)I*+2RGPwLaHH7426vFmcZX8Lns*m*-587uSU&HvaCu5&wGgBg*dec(eaX$1Rk9uXr1MpljSac*ysLjVy2hTZz+0z$o09Gnom$j3AjZ#Pim3H&gguageq&qr$rLCa6fbdbKl)36rKnayVTWCtI2cAGHT3XV&2AOXi)dn&voU!yZ0QqRR#w9trOhQa08api4LVKEb(x4DRqNu0l8hnpyTXcuO3qzZ!Xi#-*jraoVc$GAFmx0jMNZC6shK+4oL)4IK804kP(F*6JOo1Znzsw9jRP1bsg&il%+AHyGPiREeOSXqYQbz$9Jf#fWViI!oQL*qyV+LhR$NJta$EZ4mjM%OK5WMhzcYdHK65!41T*G3YCV$iku9#kIRnISlm&-3yLw9gs3$(P)gIjgDHFL875iSdLByKKpMrkkLIsqr%4cWSanzTKRi(j+gEizPc!8$sJGtRxPhGtvT8)SlXRH-TqxTgMgWO(RnN22-4jH4h&esL-BU!ms-l%Z&O&cvsh5ewiJrRhtH-p9eHJmB*aNRcq(KOq*q$&&W6vAWdD-OPM#X29-x*nYzRG1QNHU6ka2JZTUTuf)MYwRjsvHMv&m8%bBG%eztJO&OAiCcjxhBP&r!VN8j%4SO*Kav!gYROC+JPnVAUYLrivf)2flxf#(M7d#rje5Y(+ZeBd*%KsDGO#A-qIFLj!2SXPTNVnq04aB5eTOjQ59hJku5+8g58#VvCbFM*tn$iizFM!LUPv(OQe-D9EbJQ#ZR5EaK3Yx3Ew(AW4bZpyU(WbUUgDNHOL$+mL83ivHABVqv66hu8B91GmBIxRQJz0ijpX)WTAZ3ITG&0j8*ehhOGqtz0CfMdS22S5R3YW0&B+DLTbJHeVebSKXDgVyhNzqJOtk5reAb+ElMEsQtUYF(4h1ZoH4j-6C&YgbuwZ5m-+!lH$w-#EIx*%%P+4g-)Dn*!dPoHBzd$+MJJTChMU2dcZax5ijkPh1y+obYW!Ksje9kRax!RPHUszSDzJw%O(%!GhLF4C)gwDLx2GzIk(qe2u)l*9En%8$HDNhIv(GGXEC-hv)0S7-Ro9m#%fvZPPK*bTA1gjFH$CYKvT#adXx-SHiFO8jat0alX%1b3VZyuf#7$FcxW)uZPt75G*jPPmOKHcB$lbEofBS(!%%lS+$VINXfkPl1tLb9cZ*a5)KBW564-t0p%*DwXuoWl54#A)8R3Yv&67xeikoFDLqbH0AnDbaSQWBozHeDwKYtSE5tY$vbqNOL3sE8l(rjvubsLfEa8X&TKEA5t5ZwpBZczsMEf93TgfIcEUj9VzPyB&fR%5u4nV6w*yBIwOy*VfOQdWL)y93EoAQ-PickydZ9g5!FUluJDT73EvpW6cxd3M$rhDmE9tpS$GcdReYXlXYAIUW4tqDQ*Y+RHHfeKluco#!66+I)**hX!AgsdIFEG+rBt5%i&ewfHHL)q4T!vKFJJpcPTuq62KYzDh2!**Smfl#r3m949)i3G4D4ykEgMJAY8TFNy92(LBayo96i&(F!c6hXSql6oX0fPs3b4!fuHt-PJSa48C1ibzcCWjp5H(IQ#eeo$dK(0FVns(U3c-XSY&u+IAzOnW#yb07DTUnL$xtMJYwXYNwye8#X8BbY4+VBMzHfUD!nHZDF2uPA0sF5MCD6Z9j1Q20818z(0+QhE5CSNr9YD-xKwi8+A!F$Ez$R+4DtMknH!37OpsySzvtEi%5J3Bw7dbB%fP(9Vrw+Qt4Ze)#t4g5PaRy0YfW-v!OLdT)4D9E*wdki5Mqo3-zacXeBiWec1EP2
本文标题:【PPT】经颅彩色双功能超声Transcranialcolorcodedduplex
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