大学英语-翻译课件-Amplification_(I_)

LecturesixAmplification(I)MaincontentsofthislectureI.DefinitionII.AmplificationinEnglish–ChineseTranslationIII.ExercisesDefinitionAmplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Asamatterofprinciple,atranslatorisnotsupposedtoaddanymeaningtoorsubtractanymeaningfromtheoriginalwork.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatatranslatorshouldrefrainfromsupplyingnecessarywordstomakehisorherversionbothaccurateinmeaningandinkeepingwithidiomaticuseofthelanguagetobetranslatedinto.Infactitispreciselyforthepurposeof“faithfulrepresentation”ofthethoughtoftheauthorthatweoftenresortto“amplification”.ThisisbecauseEnglishandChinesearetwoentirelydifferentlanguagesandeachhasitsownhistoricalandculturalbackground.Therefore,manyideas,idiomaticexpressionsandshortenedwordsetc.thatarewellunderstoodinthecountryoftheirorigincanhardlymakeanysensetopeopleabroad.Inthiscaseitisunimaginableforatranslatortosticktotheoriginalpatternwithoutalterationandconsequentlyamplificationisadaptedindealingwithsuchoccasions.1.AmplificationbySupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginal(增添原文所省略的词语）----Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。----Thebestconductorhastheleastresistanceandthepoorestthegreatest.最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。----Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibition,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。I.AmplificationinEnglish–ChineseTranslationGenerallyspeaking,inEnglish-Chinesetranslation,amplificationcanbeemployedinthefollowing8situations:2.AmplificationbySupplyingNecessaryConnectives（增添必要的连接词语）----Heated,waterwillchangeintovapor.水如受热，就会汽化。----Theoryissomething,butpracticeiseverything.理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。3.AmplificationbySupplyingWordstoConveytheConceptofPlurality（表达原文的复数概念）----Fruitsaregrowninourprovince.我省种植各种水果。----Flowersbloomallovertheyards.朵朵鲜花开满庭院。5.AmplificationbySupplyingWordsofGeneralization（概括性增词）TheAmericansandJapaneseconductedacompletelysecretexchangeofmessage.美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。Thethesissummedupthenewachievementsmadeinelectroniccomputers,artificialsatellitesandrockets.论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。6.AmplificationForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherence（从修辞连贯考虑增词）Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.这部打字机真是价廉物美。Ascientistconstantlytriedtodefeathishypotheses,histheories,andhisconclusions.科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论并放弃自己的结论。4.AmplificationbySupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear（把抽象的概念表达清楚）Weshouldbynomeansneglecttheevaporationofwater.我们决不能忽视水的蒸发作用。Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthenecessityoflearningcomputer.越来越多的人认识到学习计算机的必要性。-Therehadbeentoomuchviolenceinthatregion.那个地区发生了许多暴力事件。7.AmplificationforLogic（逻辑性增词）Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。TheKODAKFichereader321Aiseasytooperate,versatile,compactandhasapleasingmoderndesign.柯达321A型微胶片阅读器操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型时尚美观。8.AmplificationbyRepetition（重复性增词）Avoidusingthiscomputerinextremecold,heat,dust,orhumidity.不要在过冷，过热，灰尘过重，湿度过大的情况下使用电脑。Ignoranceisthemotheroffearsaswellasofadmiration.无知是恐惧的根源，也是崇拜的根源。4．Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.5.Oceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.6.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealth.7.Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.Exercises1.Historiesmakemenwise;poetrywitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。2．Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。3.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成脆弱，俭约过度，即成贪婪。4.Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。Exercises1.Historiesmakemenwise;poetrywitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.2．Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.3．Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.5.Oceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.海洋与其说是分割了世界，不如说是连接了世界。6.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealth.热情的主人又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。7.Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。