2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习1.概念：定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个从句来担任。担任定语功能的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。:2.常见考点：①先行词与关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例：Doyouknowthegirlwhoissingingonthestage?（thegirl为先行词）关系词：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。例：SpeakingoftheUSA,NewYorkisthefirstthingcomestomind.注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。下面的句子是错误的：例：Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforthebook.（应去掉thebook)②关系代词和关系副词：常见的关系代词指代对象所作成分指代人指代物即可指人又可指物主语who,thatwhich,thatthat宾语who,whom,thatwhich,thatthat定语whose,ofwhomwhose;ofwhichwhose常见的关系副词指代对象先行词关系副词及相应介词结构时间day,year,date,timewhich,when,during地点theplace,thecitywhere,inwhich,fromwhich原因thereasonwhy;forwhich③关系代词的用法who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。例：Inthisearthquake,thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.whose的用法:whose一般指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于ofwhich。在定语从句中作定语。例：You'retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.which的用法:☻which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。例：ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShenzhen.☻在定语从句中作介词的宾语。例：ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.that的用法that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，否则需要用which或whom等其他词替代。例：Jackisnolongertheperson(that/who/whom)Imetfiveyearsago.注意：下列情况关系词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用which引导①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词。例：Isthereanythingthatyoudon'tunderstand?②当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。例：ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。例：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.④当先行词前面有only，all，any,no等修饰时。例：IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。例：Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?④关系副词的用法when的用法在从句中作时间状语。常用onwhich，inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。例：AprilFool'sDayisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.(=AprilFool'sDayisthedayonwhichpeoplemakefunofothers.)where的用法在从句中作地点状语。常可由inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhich等替代。例：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.why的用法why在定语从句中作原因状语，可以用forwhich代替。why不可引导非限制性定语从句，此时可用forwhich。例：IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.⑤定语从句中需注意的事项主谓一致问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词应一致。☻先行词是单数，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用复数。例：Mr.Smith,whoisnowdownstairs,isaskingtoseeyou.☻“oneof+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the（only）oneof+复数名词”或“thevery/rightoneof+复数名词”后定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例：Jeffistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasawarded.what不可引导定语从句what本身是“复合关系代词”，等同于“先行词+关系代词（which/that）”。因此，不能用what引导定语从句。例：Tellmewhatishappening.=Tellmeallthatishappening.关系代词与关系副词的选用☻用关系代词或用关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词，而不及物动词则要用关系副词。例：(×)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.例：(√)Thisishemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.☻看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语，则这个关系词应是关系代词；如果定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，那么我们应该选用关系副词。例：Beijingistheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.（where在从句中作地点状）例：Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）⑥做题技巧：方法1：先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，看从句的意思是否通顺、完整。例：-Thevillage______Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.-Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.thatB.whoC.when方法2:四步分析法一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。例：Istillrememberthepark_____wefirstmet.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenPractice：1.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?A.whenB.whomC.whoD.which2.Johnistheboy______legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which3.-Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Lucy?-IpreferthesongLittleApple______canattractmanypeople.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.where4.Thehouse_____LuXunusedtoliveisnowamuseum.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.there5.Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperience_____peoplecannotgetathome.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.what6.-Doyouknowtheman____camehereyesterday?-Yes,hebroughtmethemostinterestingbook_____Ihadwantedtobuy.A.who;whichB.who；thatC.whom;whichD.what;that7.Jamieisayoungcook_____wantstoimproveschooldinners.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which8.Ihatethedogs______liveinthenexthouse.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom9.-Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?-Sure.It'sagreatTVprogram_____bringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.A.whoB.thatC.what10.-HaveyouheardofHanselandGretel?-Yes.Hanselisasmartboy_____oftencomesupwithagoodidea.A.whoB.whomC.whereD.which11.Theearthistheplanet_____providesuswitheverythingweneed,freshair,cleanwaterandsoon.Itsourdutytoprotectit.A.whoB.thatC.where12.Sittingdownafterawalkisrelaxing.Butdoyoudaretositonaseat_____tellsyouyourweight?A.whomB./C.whoD.that13.—Inatextmessage,88meansbye-bye.—AndanotherexampleisF2F______standsforfacetoface.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it14.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?A.heB.whomC.whoD.which15.Afriendissomeone______says,“What！Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose16.Themovie_______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.who17.Hemadeaholeinthewall，______hecouldseewhatwashappeninginthehouse.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.throughwhichD.atwhich18.Therearelotsofthings_____Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.which19.—MissLialwaysmakesherclasseslivelyandinteresting.—Sure,Isillremembereveryword______shesaidaschool.A.whatB.whenC.whoD.that20.Theshop______sellsflowersisattheendofthestreet.A.thatB.whoseC.