英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（）Helikesdancing.（）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.()Seeingisbelieving.（）Toseeistobelieve.（）Whatheneedsisabook.（）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤DidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfastA.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast3.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（）Fiveandfiveisten.（）Heisasleep.（）Hisfatherisin.（）Thepictureisonthewall.()Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）……Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（）Hehatesyou.（）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（）Wewillmakethemhappy.（）Wefoundnobodyin.()Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（）Don’tlethimdothat.（）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（）(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（）Heisourfriend.（）Webelongtothethirdworld.（）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.()Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.()TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（）(六)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme