初中英语中考前必备知识总结

1基本语法表格1.人称代词和物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数(现在时,动词+s/es)复数人称代词主格Iweyouyousheheittheythese宾格meusyouyouherhimitthemthose物主代词(…的)物主性myouryouryourherhisitstheirthese名词性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirsthose反身代词自己myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselvesthemselves2.可数名词的复数构成举例1在名词后面加sAmericans,Germans,apples,bananas2以s,x,sh,ch,结尾的，加esboxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,foxesbuses3以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加esbaby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,4以元音字母加y结尾的直接加sday-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,way-ways5以o结尾加s（外来词）；但如是辅音加o的加esradios,photoszoostomatoes,potatoesheroes6以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加esthief,wife,shelf,knife,loaf,leaf,wolf,half,7一般只有复数，没有单数的有clothes;p0lice,people,crew,staff,police;pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,socks,trouses;scissors;（由两部分组成的东西）8特殊形式的有child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep;man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen210如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数，则前后两个词都要变为复数mandoctor--mendoctors,womanteacher--womenteachers11既可以是单数也可以是复数的一些集合名词class班，同学；family家，家庭成员；organization机构；army军队；audience观众；enemy敌人；navy海军；committee委员会；group,team.12单复数相同fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese13单复数意思不同fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文work工作works作品，工厂glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜orange桔子水oranges橙子light光线lights灯cloth布clothes衣服people人peoples民族time时间times时代,次数chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡water水waters水域；公海wood木板；woods树林14常用的不可数名词water,milk,fruit,meat,food,paper,air,weather,rice,ice,furniture家具sheep羊肉,fish鱼肉（动物表示肉类）3.名词所有格（某人/物“的”东西）构成举例1单数：在后面加’sbrother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s2复数：以s结尾的直接在s后加’，不以s结尾的，加’sTeachers’Day教师节classmates’books同学们的书籍Children’sDay六一节Women’sDay三八节动词+ed的构成方式构成举例1直接在词尾加edwork-worked;play-played;want-wanted;act-acted2以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，直接加dlive-lived;move-moved;taste-tasted;hope-hoped,3以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i再加edstudy-studied;copy-copied;cry-cried;carry-carried34以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加edstopplanfitreferprefercanceltravelquarreldrop4.动词+ing的构成方式构成举例2以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，要去掉e再加ingmake-making,write-writing,skate-skating,close–closing,come-coming,take-taking，have-having,dance-dancing,live–living;hope-hoping3若结尾的e发音,就不能去掉see-seeing4以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加ingrun-running,swim-swimming,get-getting,sit–sitting,put–putting,begin–beginning,hit-hitting,stop-stopping,forget–forgetting5在少数几个以ie结尾的动词后：须将ie变作y，再加ing。die–dying;tie–tying,lie–lying躺/位于lie---lied---lied---lying撒谎lie---lay---lain---lying躺/位于lay---laid---laid---laying下蛋/放5.时态语态公式时态主动被动be+done（过去分词）1．一般现在时do/doesam/is/aredone2．一般过去时①did②usedtodowas/weredone3．一般将来时①will/shalldo②am/is/aregoingtodowill/shallbedone4．现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone5．过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone6．将来进行时willbedoingwillbedone7．现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeendone8．过去完成时haddonehadbeendone9．将来完成时willhavedonewillhavebeendone10．现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoinghave/hasbeendone11．过去将来时woulddowouldbedone46.主动/被动主动被动：be+done(be-am/is/are-was/were-being-been)1．一般现在时IdomyhomeworkeverydayMyhomeworkisdone(byme)everyday.2．一般过去时Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Myhomeworkwasdone(byme)yesterday.3．一般将来时Iwilldomyhomeworktomorow.Myhomeworkwillbedone(byme)tomorrow.4．现在进行时Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.Myhomeworkisbeingdonenow.5．过去进行时Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat3:00yesterdayafternoon.Myhomeworkwasbeingdoneat3:00yesterdayafternoon6．将来进行时Iwillbedoingmyhomeworktomorrow.Myhomeworkwillbedonetomorrow.7．现在完成时Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.Myhomeworkhasalreadybeendone.8．过去完成时Ihaddonemyhomeworkbeforeyesterdayafternoon.Myhomeworkhadbeendonebeforeyesterdayafternoon9．将来完成时Iwillhavedonemyhomeworktomorrow.Myhomeworkwillhavebeendonetomorrow.10．现在完成进行时Ihavebeendoingahalfofmyhomework.Myhomeworkhasbeendoneahalf.11．过去将来时IsaidthatIwoulddomyhomeworknextweek.Isaidthatmyhomeworkwouldbedonenextweek.7.不规则动词巧记表AAA型过去式、过去分词与原形一致原形过去式过去分词词义原形过去式过去分词词义cutcutcut切、割、剪shutshutshut关、闭（门窗）putputput放置hurthurthurt受伤；疼痛letletlet让costcostcost值…钱；花费setsetset设置readreadread朗读；阅读hithithit撞击；打spreadspreadspread展开；铺开AAB型过去式与原形一致5原形过去式过去分词词义原形过去式过去分词词义beatbeatbeaten击败；打败ABA型过去分词与原形一致原形过去式过去分词词义原形过去式过去分词词义runranrun跑步；逃跑comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变得；成为ABB型过去式与过去分词一致原形过去式过去分词词义原形过去式过去分词词义buyboughtbought买leadledled领导；致使bringbroughtbrought带来misleadmisledmisled误导fightfoughtfought打架；打仗feedfedfed喂养；喂食thinkthoughtthought想；认为fleefledfled逃跑seeksoughtsought寻找；探究meetmetmet遇见；碰到catchcaughtcaught抓住；接住shootshotshot射击；投篮teachtaughttaught教；教书lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃lendlentlent借出getgotgot获得；得到sendsentsent送；派遣winwonwon获胜；赢得spendspentspent花（时间、钱）sitsatsat坐下buildbuiltbuilt建设；建立digdugdug挖掘feelfeltfelt感觉；摸起来stickstuckstuck刺；戳leaveleftleft离开hanghunghung悬挂keepkeptkept保持；保留hanghangedhanged绞死sleepsleptslept睡觉sellsoldsold出售；卖oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头telltoldtold告诉sweepsweptswept打扫smellsmeltsmelt闻；嗅meanmeantmeant意思是spellspeltspelt拼写6learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned学；学会holdheldheld拿着；举办burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃烧；烧伤findfoundfound找到；发现hearheardheard听见standstoodstood站立have/hashadhad有understandunderstoodunderstood理解makemademade制作paypaidpaid付款shineshone/shinedshone/shined照耀saysaidsaid说loselostlost丢失；失去laylaidlaid下蛋layingdealdealtdealt处理lieliedlie