英汉构造地质学专业词汇(地大曾佐勋)

英汉构造地质学专业词汇(与FoundationsofStructuralGeology配套使用)曾佐勋选编中国地质大学(武汉)2007编写说明为了配合地质学理科基地班《构造地质学》教学，我们于2002年，从R.G.Park所著的FoundationofStructuralGeology(3rded,1997)一书中选编了与构造地质学关系较密切的部分专业词汇，以英汉对照的形式刊出，便于学生使用。以求对学生在全英文教学课堂和课下学习时有所帮助。根据近几年使用情况，效果不错。本次进行了适当补充，并由中国地质大学（武汉）作为校内补充教材出版。使用过程中若发现不当之处，欢迎多提批评和建议，以便及时补充更正。编者2007年1月构造地质学专业词汇ContentsChapter1BasicConcepts…………………………………1Chapter2FaultsandFractures……………………………5Chapter3Folds……………………………………………11Chapter4Foliation，LineationandFabric………………17Chapter5Stress……………………………………………5Chapter6Strain……………………………………………6Chapter7StressandStraininMaterals…………………7Chapter8determinationofstraininrocks………………8Chapter9faultingandstress………………9Chapter10straininfoldsandshearzone…………………10Appendix：sterographicprojection…………………………11-1-构造地质学专业词汇Chapter1BasicConceptgeometry几何学incline倾斜,斜坡,斜面undeformed无形变的portray描绘reconstruct重建,改造,推想interpretation解释,阐明,口译,通译stratigraphic地层学的bed岩层stratum(pl.strata)岩层bedded成层的bedding层理beddingplanes层面formation组deposit存放,堆积,沉淀isopachytes等厚线surface表面,外表,水面diastem沉积暂停期sedimentation沉淀,沉降non-sequence间断不连续faunaltilt.(使)倾斜,(使)翘起discordance不调和,不和volcanogenic火山(生成)的synonymous同义的-2-构造地质学专业词汇cessation停止,终止paraconformity似整合，沉积间断outcrop露出地面的岩层disconformity假整合,平行不整合crossbedding交错层理gradedbedding粒级层理unconformity角度不整合overstep踏过,逾越,超出...的限度basal基础的,基本的,基部的truncate截去尖端,修剪overstep超覆nonconformity非整合onlap上超、超覆transgression海侵、海进offlap退覆regression海退toplap顶超downlap下超strike走向dip倾角truedip真倾角foliation面理compassbearing罗盘方位azimuth方位,方位角apparentdip视倾角given特定的,假设的-3-构造地质学专业词汇stereogram极射(赤面投影)图plunge倾伏角orthogonal直角的,直交的pitch侧倾角clinometer测斜仪structurecontour构造等高线formlines形态线formlinecontour形态等高线isopachyte等厚线borehole钻孔，地上凿洞featheredge尖灭subcrop隐伏露头intersection交叉点outliers外露层topographic地形上的inliers内露层downplungeprojection俯瞰倾伏投影diagrammatic图表的,概略的palinspastic复原再造balancedsection平衡剖面-4-构造地质学专业词汇Chapter2FaultsandFracturefracture破裂fault断层joint节理hangingwall上盘cohesion结合,凝聚footwall下盘dilationalcalcite方解石aqueous水的,水成的hade断层倾斜余角nomenclature命名法,术语strike-slipfault走滑断层dip-slipfault倾滑断层wrenchfault平推断层tearfault平推断层transcurrentfault横推断层heave平错throw落差normalfault正断层reverse逆断层dyke沟,渠,堤坝thrust冲断层layfault滞后断层sinistral左旋-5-构造地质学专业词汇dextral右旋left-lateral左行ritht-lateral右行faultbrecci断层角砾brittle易碎的,脆弱的ductile易延展的,易教导的,柔软的faultgouge断层泥flinty坚硬的,强硬的plateystreaky有斑点的,有条纹的,容易变的striate有条纹的,有细槽的crushbreccia压碎角砾岩cataclasite碎裂岩cataclasis碎裂作用mylonite糜棱岩blastomylonite变余糜棱岩ultramylonite超糜棱岩pseudotachylite假玄武玻璃slickensides擦痕面slickensidestriation擦痕groove擦槽,凹槽flexure屈曲,弯曲部分,打褶slickenline擦线slickenfibre擦痕纤维normaldrag正牵引nappe-6-构造地质学专业词汇reversedrag逆牵引syntheticfaults次级同向断层，同级断层antitheticfaults次级反向断层，相反断层graben地堑horst都垒splayfault入字形、八字形、人字形断层系transferfault转换断层transformfault转换断层staircasefault阶状断层ramp断坡flat断坪detachment拆离imbricate边缘重叠成瓦状decollement滑脱convergent会聚性的,收敛的piggybacksequence背驮式逆冲顺序overstepsequence超覆式逆冲顺序imbricatezone叠瓦带roofthrust顶板逆冲断层floorthrust底板逆冲断层duplex双层结构horses断片solethrust基底逆冲断层，冲断层基底活动面foldplunge褶皱倾伏角backthrust背冲,反冲pop-up冲起-7-构造地质学专业词汇trianglezone三角带listricfault犁式断层rolleveranticline滚动背斜listricfan犁式扇extensionalduplex伸展双层构造half-graben半地堑pull-apartbasin拉分盆地rift裂缝,裂口,断裂divergent分歧的tabular扁平的,表格式的,平坦的perpendicular垂直的,正交的transtension转换拉伸扭张作用transpression转换压缩扭压作用flowerstructure花状构造inversion反转positiveinversion正反转negativeinversion负反转sheetjoint(顺)层节理席状节理-8-构造地质学专业词汇Chapter3Foldsfold褶曲hinge枢纽limb翼hingeline枢纽线cylindricalfold圆柱状褶皱axialplane轴平面foldaxis褶轴axialsurface轴(曲)面inter-limbangle翼间角neutralfold中性褶皱foldangle褶角wavelength波长inflexionpoint拐点amplitude波幅foldaxialtrace褶皱轴迹antiform背形synform向形neutralfold中性褶曲anticline背斜syncline向斜uprightfolds直立褶皱inclinedfolds倾斜褶皱overfolds倒立褶皱crest脊-9-构造地质学专业词汇trough槽gentlefold平缓褶皱openfold开阔褶皱closefold中常褶皱tightfold紧闭褶皱isoclinedfold同斜褶皱foldprofile褶曲剖面parallelfold平行褶皱ovthogonalthickness垂直层面厚度concentricfold同心褶皱centrefocurvature曲率中心similarfold相似褶皱chevronfold尖棱褶皱accordionfold棱角褶皱kinkband膝折带dipisogon等斜线symmetricfold对称褶皱asymmetrucfold不对称褶皱nonocline等斜vergence倒向parasiteicfolds寄生褶皱envelopingsurface包络面harmonicfolds协调褶皱disharmonicfolds不协调褶皱conjugatefolds共轭褶皱boxfold箱状褶皱-10-构造地质学专业词汇polyclinalfold多斜褶皱cylindroidalfold圆柱状褶皱non-cylindrolfold非圆柱状褶皱pericline围斜构造brachyanticline短轴背斜brachysyncline]短轴向斜dome穹窿basin盆地culmination轴隆区depression轴陷区凹陷interference干涉superimposefold叠加褶皱interferenestructure干涉构造domeandbasin穹盆(相间)crescentandmushroom新月形，蘑菇形doublezigzag双之字buckling纵弯作用bending横弯作用flexuralslip弯滑kinking膝折shearzone剪切带slide滑动，滑移-11-构造地质学专业词汇Chapter4Foliation，LineationandFabricfolliation面理beddignfolliation顺层面理lineation线理fabric组构cleavage劈理schistosity片理slatycleavage板劈理fracturecleavage破劈理crenulationcleavage褶劈理solutioncleavage溶解劈理penetrative透入性non-pentrative非透入性spacedcleavage间隔劈理gneisosebanding片麻状条带gneissosity片麻理tetrahedron[晶]四面体conglomerate聚结mica云母hornblende角闪石mudstone泥岩specimen标本,样品,样本muscovite白云母clay粘土,泥土-12-构造地质学专业词汇lensoid透镜状的,透镜状结构aggregate集合体,集合的,聚合的slate板岩slab厚平板,厚片microlithou微劈石hydraulicfracturing水压破裂作用pressuresolution压溶stylolite缝合线metamorphicsegregation变质析离作用meamorphicdefferentiation变质分异作用augengniss眼球状片麻岩shapefabric形态组构intrafolialfold面理内褶皱rootlessintrafolialfo