情态动词

Grammar情态动词情态动词的语法特征情态动词没有人称，数的变化情态动词后加动词原形情态动词表推测•must+do/bedoing可以对现在、现在进行的情况进行肯定的推测1.Judgingfromhisaccent,he_______fromthesouth听他的口音，他一定是南方人。2.Tomboughtalotofapples.He________eatingapples.他一定喜欢吃苹果。3.Itiseleveno’clockatnightandthelightsareoff.They_________________now.他们一定是在睡觉了。mustbemustlikemustbesleeping•must+havedone表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”。1.It_______________lastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy.昨晚一定是下雨了2.He_____________toBeijing.他一定已经去北京了。musthaverainedmusthavegoneNOTICEmust表推测时只能用于肯定句中。与must有关句子的反意疑问句。1.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth,2.Tomboughtalotofapples.Hemustlikeeatingapples,3.Itiseleveno’clockatnightandthelightsareoff.Theymustbesleepingnow,isn’t,he?doesn’the?aren’tthey?因must后是实意动词like因must后是系动词bemust后接的是besleeping，是对正在进行的情况推测3.HemusthavegonetoBeijing,didn’tit?hasn’the?若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句2.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy，•can后跟动词原形，表示对现在情况的否定和疑问推测1.MrLihasgonetoBeijing;themanatthegate_______him。门口的那个人不可能是他。2.Thewatchisnotyours.Whoelse’scanitbe?它可能是谁的呢？can’tbe•can+havedone表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。1._________________thebasketballmatch?他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？2.It_____________Mr.Green.HehasgonetoNewYork.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。Cantheyhavewoncan’thavebeenCould表推测时，可用于各种句式中，“纯自由人”Hecouldberight.Hecouldhavefinishedhishomework.Couldheberight?Couldhehavefinishedhishomework?Hecouldn’tbeabadegg.Hecouldn’thavestolenmymoney.•may/might+do/be，表示对现在情况的推测。may/might+havedone表示对过去已发生行为的推测。一般只用语肯定句和否定句中，不用与疑问句。might比may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。1.He___________English.他可能是英国人。2.It’stoolate.Ithinkhe_____________tobed.太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。3.He_______________________thework.他可能没有完成工作。may/mightbemayhavegonemay/mightnothavefinished2--Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?--No.it____behim---I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.won’tD.maynot4.---areyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?---I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.mightAD3.---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needB6.---Iwonderwhytheyarelate?---They_____thetrain.A.can’thavemissedB.couldmissC.musthavemissedD.mightmiss7.---Showmeyourpermit,please!---Oh,it’snotinmypocket.It______.A.mightfalloutB.couldfalloutC.shouldhavefallenoutD.musthavefallenoutCD9.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It___acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.mustn’thavebeenC.shouldbeD.couldn’thavebeen10.Chinesemusthavethelargestnumberofspeakers,____they?A.mustn’tB.haven’tC.don’tD.didn’tDC情态动词表虚拟could(不用can)+havedone,在肯定句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。1.Icouldhavepassedmyexameasily,butImadetoomanystupidmistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。2.Youcouldhavereportedtomeearlier.你本该早点告诉我的。should/oughtto+havedone用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。1.Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.Yououghtnottohavetakenthemagazineoutofthereadingroom.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。might（不用may）+havedone表示“本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.youshouldn'thaveswuminthatriver.youmighthavebeeneatenbyfish.您本来可能会被鱼吃掉的。2.Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）►mayhavedone只表推测needn’t+havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。1.Sheneedn’thavegonetothestationyesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）2.Youneedn’thaveboughtit.你本可不必买它的。（你买了）巩固练习1.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.shouldn’thaveeatenC.mustn’teatD.mustn’thaveeaten2.---Whyhasn’tJanearrivedyet?---She____againinthemorning.A.shouldn’thaveoversleptB.mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclockC.musthavenoonetocallherD.shouldhavesomeonetowakeherupBB4.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we____soformally.A.needn’tdressB.didn’thavetodressupC.MightnothavedressedupD.needn’thavedressedup5.I’mrathersurprisedyouhaven’treportedhimtoyourteacher.Inmyopinion,you___thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating.A.musthavedoneB.mighthavedoneC.shouldhavedoneD.couldhavedoneDCshall1.，征求对方意见。e.g.Shallwebeginourclass?Shallhegonow?2.二、三人称陈述句，提出命令，禁止，威胁，允诺”等.或用于法律、规定e.g.YoushallgetmybookonSunday.Heshallleavethehouseatonce.Thesignreads:Nopersonshallsmokehere!用于第一、三人称疑问句“Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall—Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?—Ofcourse.(2003北京春)A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do上述两题均考查shall的非常用含义，当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。（2011·陕西卷）24.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?—OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall（2007四川卷）一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?一“Noperson________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea．”A．willB．mayC．shallD.must(2010马鞍山三检)—HasJohnarrived?—Yes,already.________hewaitoutsideorjustcomein?A.ShallB.MayC.CouldD.Must(2011江南十校)—Whatdoyoumeanbythis?—Noneedforyoutoworryaboutyourmoneyandbeangrywithme.You_______getitthisafternoon.A.willB.shallC.mayD.need征求对方意见允诺must表“必须”don’thavetoneedn’tdodon’tneedto2.must还可表示“偏偏、偏要”e.g.Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?3.mustn’t表示“禁止”Youmustn’tplayinthestreet.你不能在街上玩耍。1.不必mustn’t禁止►should表示“居然，竟然”。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。►should表示“理应，