(完整版)介词加关系代词定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.考点1简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?(payfor)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(shakehandswithsb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)TheteacherofwhomthestudentsinourclassarefondisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.(befondof)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when,where,why替换。例如：I”llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)Ijoinedthearmy.Thefactoryinwhich(=where)hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.Idon”tknowthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslate.（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案选A。2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C。3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。考点2复杂介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。考点4the+名词+of+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice。考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。高考考例：1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺少一个连词。2.(2004辽宁卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat解析：答案为A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句常见错误我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下：一、关系词的误用1.ThepersontowhoyoushouldwriteisMrHall.(whom)2.Ilostthebookinthattherearefivecolorpictures.(which)3.Thedayonwhenwecansendmenintospacehasatlastcome.(which)4.Hewentbacktothehouseinwherehewasborntwentyyearsago.(which)简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的需要,也可以接where.如:Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawthemantakeaphotoofsomethingonthedesk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指frombehindthedoor从门后面,并非指fromthedoor从门)二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5.Hewastheboyafterwhomthewomanhadlookedformanyyears.(whomthewomanhadlookedafterformanyyears)简析:若将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如lookafter,lookfor,dependon,goinfor(迷恋)等短语.三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6.Thefarminwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisn'twhatitusedtobe.(on)7.Shewantedtofindthewaywithwhichshecouldmakeeveryonelivemorehappily.(in)简析:6.onthefarm为习惯搭配,表示在农场;7.in与way搭配,表示用……办法,以……方式.四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonfromwhomshecouldturnforhelp.(to)9.Thisisthetreeinwhichtheboatwastied.(to)10.Canyoufindanobjectwithwhichyourtoyissimilar?(to)简析:8.turntosb.forhelp表示向某人求助;9.tie与to连用,表示拴/系到……上;10.similar与to搭配,表示与……相似.五、介词与句子的具体含义搭配不当11.Ican'tremembertheageinwhichIwonthatprize.(at)12.Thatistheageatwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappy.(in)简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作年岁解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示时期,时代,应与in搭配.练习：用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。1.Wehavemanylabs,thelargest__________wasbuiltlastyear.2.Thestrangeforceisgravity__________theearthpullsallbodies.3.TheEnglishplay__________mystudentsactedattheNewYe