高中英语虚拟语气语法课件2016.ppt

英语动词有种语气陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。三虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。IwishI_______(be)astallasyou.wereIwishIwereabird.Iwisheveryday_____(be)mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI____________(eat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teatenIwishitwouldraintomorrow.wish引导的虚拟句表示愿望(wish),wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+doIwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were现在haddone过去would/might/woulddo将来虚拟语气[例句]1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.他想要是他没这样做该多好。虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中虚拟语气ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了.if引导的虚拟条件句区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.陈述语气虚拟语气IfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegoneIfhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfIhowtoswim,Itrappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeenIfthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime虚拟语气[例句]1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在在条件从句中主从句的谓语形式时间If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形If虚拟句的倒装万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比赛。wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeet.Incaseitrains,Incaseofrain,Ifitshouldrain,Shoulditrain,如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,…Hadhebeenthereyesterday,…Shoulditsnowtomorrow,…IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。1.____theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass2.___fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive名词性从句中的虚拟语气及几种虚拟语气特殊句型1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose(advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。•Mydemandisthatshe_______________(come)toseemeonceaweek.•Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalworks(be)closeddown.•Hesuggestedthatwe____________(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.•Theproposalthatwe(go)outforapicnicwaswarmlywelcomed.(should)go(should)come(should)be(should)go表语从句同位语从句宾语从句同位语从句•Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime=Itisoursuggestionthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itissuggestedthatyou(should)bethereontime.注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”坚持认为“时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody__________(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas虚拟语气4.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形[例句]1)It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2)It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3)It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在在主语从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…c.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDBHebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadb