中考英语阅读理解-不同题材的解题技巧

第一讲学会区分不同文体阅读下面的段落，并推断它是哪种文体？ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit!Whatdoyoudoifyou’restranded(处于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.…Bodysignals…Smokesignals…Groud-to-airsignals…议论文说明文文体识别练习•继续阅读下面的段落，并判断它是哪种文体？•(1)Inthewest,somepeoplebelievethatpersonalitycanbepredictedaccordingtothetimeoftheyearthepersonwasborn.FromChinacomesthebeliefthattheyearofbirthinfluencesone’spersonality.•(2)ManytextbooksarenotwritteninthekindofEnglishthatwespeakeveryday.Infact,sometimesthereadingissodifficultthatisalmostseemslikeaforeignlanguage.Inaway,itis--thelanguageofscience……Thesearethestepstofollowwhenyouarereadingsomethingdifficult:……•(3)Itwasyearbookdayandweweregivenanhourtosigneachother’syearbooksinthecafeteria.IwaspresidentoftheclassandIplayedsports.WhenIsatdownatatable,peoplestartedtocomeovertogettheiryearbookssignedandtosignmine.议论文说明文记叙文•(4)MyfatherdiedwhenIwasafewmonthsold.Afterhisdeath,mymothermovedbacktoLouisville,Kentucky,whereshehadgrownup.•(5)ChinatownisthenamegiventoanareainthemiddleofLondon.ItisjustbetweenLeicesterSquareandShaftsburyAvenue.GerrardStreetisatthecenterandisthemostimportantstreetinthearea.ThereisalargeChinesecommunitywithalotofChineserestaurants,Chinesesupermarketsandshopsinthisstreet.记叙文说明文A篇B篇C篇D篇细节理解题猜测词义题推理判断题主旨归纳题中考阅读中的结构和分类A篇•词数：200w左右•题材：信息类表格（校园师生采访）•题目：who’snewatschool?•做题技巧：回文定位•51.Cindyisa______•A.astudentB.ateacherC.aworkerD.awriter从文章的最后一句可以明确得出。•52.HowlonghasMr.Smithbeeninthenewschool?•A.about2weeksB.about3weeks•C.about1monthsD.about2months数字推理题：选项中出现年份，数字应特别小心。•56.Whendidtheresearchofhumangenesbegin?A.In1987.B.In1993.C.In2000.D.In2006.•Ittook13yearsofinternationaleffortto•mapthehumanbiologicalblueprintofallthegenes(因)thatmakeusdifferentpeople.Thefirstroughdraft(图)wasmadein2000.Thelastofour23chromosomes(染色体)wasclearlydescribedin2006.2013年北京市朝阳区中考二模英语试题•53.WhatexactlyisKingleyaccordingtothematerial?•A.Aroad.B.Aschool.•C.Atown.D.Acountry.•55.Wherecanweprobablyreadthismaterial?•A.InatravelguideB.Inaschoolmagazine.C.Inasciencebook.D.InaTVplay.细节推理题：可以直接从文章找到答案考查文章出处，从体裁和内容分析中心思想记叙文记叙文1写人为主2写事为主外貌神态语言心理动作社会环境描写自然环境描写记叙方法：顺序、倒叙、插叙可以穿插:抒情、议论作用：交代背景、情景交融、揭示中心B篇•词数：250w左右•题材：故事叙述类（小小说）•题目：××ו做题技巧：•注意事项：故事类文章人物有时过多，需要理清人物之间逻辑关系。•切忌断章取义回文定位，忠实原文逻辑•56.HowdidPhilfeelwhenhewasgoinghome?•A.Unhappy.B.Excited.•C.Nervous.D.Confident.•57.Theunderlinedwordtheyinthe2ndparagraphrefersto________.•A.SusyandMaryB.MaryandPhilC.SnowbanksD.Twocoins.细节推理题：从文中第一段最后一句判断推理词义判断题：所给词的前后句去找相关内容。•59.WhatdoesthesentenceHereyeswerehopeful.inthe3rdparagraghsuggest?•A.SusyexpectedPhiltodigtogether.•B.SusyexpectedPhiltoreturnthecoins.•C.Susyhopedtodigoutthelostcoins.•D.Susyhopedtogetsomeusefulinformation逻辑推理题：从人物所说所做的内容去推理。应试对策•首先，从问题中找到关键词；•然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；•找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；•最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最第二讲：说明文•1说明文的定义：主要用说明的方式来表达思想内容，它常被用来介绍科学知识或生活常识。特点是内容上重视科学性，语言形式重视条理性。•2常见的说明方法：分类说明、举例说明、描写说明、比较说明、数字说明、图像或图表说明、下定义和注释。•说明文的阅读要领：•1抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意问题会在第一段找到答案•2不要为文章的长度吓到，文章的小标题会给我们阅读提示•3如有图形，可以结合图形读题•4边读边整理重要信息•5根据段落信息进行概括•Causeandeffectisonewaytoexplainthingsthathappenaroundus.Manythingshappenbecausesomethingcausedorinfluencedthemtohappen.Sometimesitishardtolookatacauseandfindoutwhatcausedorinfluencedthemtohappen.Sometimesitishardtolookatacauseandfindoutwhatcausestheeffect.Itmayhelpyoutostartwiththeeffectanduseyourreasoning(推理的)skills.Thinkaboutallthethingsyouknowthatcouldbereasonsfortheeffectyoucansee.55.Whatisthebesttitleforthenext?A.TruthandliesB.WorkandsleepC.CauseandeffectD.LifeanddreamsC&D篇•词数：350w左右•题材：分析说明文类•题目：××ו做题技巧：•分类：关键词定位，联系上下文一、社会文化类【命题趋势】•1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。•2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙•3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，••1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。•对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备2000－3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法。•2.•阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更practice•Manypeoplesaythattheyareworkingtoomanyhours.Theydon'thaveenoughtimetorelaxortostaywiththeirfamily.•Workhoursaredifferentfromonecountrytoanother.InFrance,peoplespendabout1,646hoursayearatwork.InJapan,however,peopleworkabout2,159hoursayear.ThatmeansaJapaneseworkerworks513morehoursayearthanaFrenchworker.•Whydopeopleworksomanyhours?Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttomakemoremoney.However,manycompaniesdon'tpayovertime.Theirworkersdon'tgetmorepayformorework.Somepeoplethinkit'stheirdutytoworkmorehours.Someareafraidoflosingtheirjobsiftheydon'tworkmorehours.•Manypeoplesaythattheirvacationsaretooshort.InFrance,peoplegetfiveweeksofpaidvacationayear.InGermany,theygetfourtosixweeks,andintheUnitedStates,twoweeks.Onestudyshowsfewerthanhalfofworkersusedalltheirvacationdays.InGreatBritain,thereisasaying,AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadull(迟钝的)boy.Ifthatistrue,theremustbealotofdullpeopleintheworld.•1.AJapaneseworkerworks__morehoursayearthanaFrenchone.•A.513B.1,646C.2,159D.3,805•2.ThewordextrainParagraph3means.•A.正常的B.额外的C.有用的D.少量的•3.