高考语法填空专题解题技巧点拨和考点总结

高考语法填空——解题技巧高考语法填空题两类“空”：纯空格（5-6个）给词空(4-5个）1.谓语(动词:时态语态)2.非谓语(动词:todo/doing/done)3.词类转换(名—形—副)冠、代、介、连考查方式一．根据句子结构，确定词性动词名词形容词副词冠词介词连词代词词性一般有提示词无提示词二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形冠词定冠词,不定冠词并列句及复合句非谓语非谓语动词todo,doing,done及变形谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致连词介词介词的常用用法及词组搭配词性变化词汇,构词法谓语动词代词人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词根据语义,确定词形分析句子,确定词性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文,理解大意检查搭配,前后连贯动词谓语动词•有提示词•与主语构成主谓结构1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI[39]_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure[36]__________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.wastoldkept考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致［例1］Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he______(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalled…found［例2］Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.…butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We_____(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek…weretold［例3］Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday…Hewalkedinasifhe______(buy)theschool…hewasfromNewYorkCity.［分析］由asif(好像)可知，可能用虚拟语气；由语境可知，他是新来的同学，不可能是买下了学校，故用虚拟语气；这是叙述过去的事，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，故填hadbought助动词⑴构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的do,does,did。［例1］Howmuch_____hechargeyouforrepairingthebicyclejustnow?did⑵强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词的do,does,did。［例2］Totellyouthetruth,Tom_____takemypenbymistakeyesterday,buthehassaidsorrytome.did⑶构成部分倒装的do,does,did。[例3]Notonly_____hedowellinhisstudy,butalsoheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.does⑷常用情态动词的基本用法。［例4］I______havegonetotheschoollibrary,butitrainedheavily,soIdidnot.［分析］表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做”，用shouldhavedonesth.表示，故填should。非谓语动词•有提示词•除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.receivingtocompleteincluded考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用［例1］Suegothome,_____(feel)verytired.feeling［例2］______(build)in1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Built［例3］Ithasbeenhisdream_________(travel)roundtheworld.totravel［例4］______(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.Collecting［例5］Ididn’ttalkmuchtotheman_______(sit)nexttome.sitting［例6］Sheavoided_______(answer)theteacher’squestions.answering牢记:①只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词,如finish,enjoy,consider,advise,suggest,feellike,can’thelp等;②只能接todo作宾语的动词,如plan,want,wish,hope,wouldlike,refuse等;③接todo与doing意思有差别的动词,如forget,remember,regret等；④lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto等to是介词的短语动词。名词名词弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格。［例1］Wewerepoorinthose_______(day).days［例2］It’saboutan_____(hour)drivefromhere.hour’s形容词和副词形容词和副词•有提示词•通常，有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级1.Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…2.…Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicateinwords.Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,usingsomeofthefewwordsIhadlearned.Ifelt__________(lonely)thanIhadexpectedthatnight.3.LucilleCliftonisanaward-winningpoetandwriter.Criticscallheroneofthe_________(great)writersofourtime.worstlesslonelygreatest比较等级有than的前面要用比较级；有in,of,Ihaveeverseen等表示比较范围的用最高级；根据语境理解隐形的比较级。［例1］Ittakes______(little)timetogotherebyplanethanbytrain.less［例2］Mypronunciationispoor.Hisiseven______(bad).worse［例3］HainanisChina’ssecond______(large)island.largest［例4］Mr.Li,ourEnglishteacher,isoneofthe______(nice)peopleIknow.nicest连词连词或从句引导词•无提示词•两个主谓结构连接1.Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains16theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,17factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.whywhen考查语法点:各类复合句中连词，引导词的用法wherethat[例1]Asacitizen,youmustobeythelaw_____youwillbepunished.or“否则”。[例2]Helikescats______dislikesdogs.but［例3］Hecametomeinthebelief_____Icouldhelphim.that［例4］Owingtolackoftime,wecannotdomorethan_____wehavedone.what［例5］Imetsomeone_____saidheknewyou.who［例6］LiMingwonfirstprizeinthecompetition,________madehisfatherpleased.which［例7］Wecampedthere______itwastoodarktogoon.because［例8］Suchthings,_____youlikeitornot,dohappenfromtimetotime.whetherwhether…or…不管……还是……•【例句1】Oneday,hecameupwithanidea________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.•答案：that•【例句2】InLanzhouIvisitedafactory________everythingwasverysimple,includingitsequipmentandthedirector'soffice,yetthefactoryturnedoutquitegoodproducts.•答案：where•【例句3】Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,________hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.•答案：but•【例句4】Weunderstandthislessonbest________wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.•答案：when•【例句5】．..thevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto________shouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.•答案：who•【例句6】Janepausedinfrontofacounter________someattractivetieswereondisplay.•答案：where特殊的句式结构•(1)由itis...that...强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。•【例句】．..and__40__wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn'teatMSG(味精)!•答案：it•(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还是填do,does,did等。•【例句】________withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetp