Attributive-clause

AttributiveclausesDefinition•Anattributiveclause(定语从句)isasubordinateclause（从句）usedasattributive（定语）,whichfollowsanantecedent（先行词）.•Anantecedentisanoun(名词)orpronoun（代词）.Theformationofanattributiveclause•n./pron.+•+clause(incompletesentence)who/whom/that/whose/which(relativepronoun)where/when/why(relativeadverb)(antecedent)Practice1•Findouttheantecedent(先行词)ineachattributiveclauseandwhatsentenceelement（句子成分）itworksas.•1.HisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakesTVsets.•afactory是先行词，在定语从句中做主语•2.TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommybestfriend.•theletter是先行词，在定语从句中做received的宾语•3.Theboywhoisplayingonthegrassisherbrother.•theboy是先行词，在定语从句中做主语•4.Iwanttomeettheboywhomyoutalkedaboutjustnow.•theboy是先行词，在定语从句中做about的宾语•5.Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.•先行词是thefirstthing,在定语从句中做do的宾语•6.Helivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.•先行词是thehouse，表示所属关系•7.Hisfatherdiedtheyearwhenhewasborn.•先行词是theyear,在定语从句中做时间状语（不做主语，宾语，表语）•8.Heisunlikelytofindtheplacewherehelivedfortyyearsago.•先行词是theplace，在定语从句中做地点状语（不做主语，宾语，表语）•9.ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.•先行词是thepen,在定语从句中做with的宾语•10.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.•先行词是thehero,做介词of的宾语Keyfactors•1.Antecedent先行词•2.Relativepronouns关系代词•3.Whatsentenceelementisabsent?•定语从句缺什么成分？(缺什么补什么)•who做主语，宾语，表语(指人)•whom只做宾语（指人）•that做主语，宾语，表语（既指人又指物）•which做主语，宾语，表语，（指物）•whose做定语（既指人又指物）Practice2•1.Riceisaplant__________isgrowninthesouth.•2.Thebook_____________Igaveyouwasworth20dollars.•3.Iwanttomeettheboy_____________youtalkedaboutjustnow.•4.Students__________haveawiderangeofknowledgehaveadvantagesinexams.which/that(that/which)(who/whom/that)who/that•5.Thereisamoutain_________topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.•Thereisamoutainthetopofwhichisalwayscoveredwithsnow.•Thereisamoutainofwhichthetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.•注意：如果先行词在定语从句中充当宾语，关系代词可以省略whosePractice3•1.Thefirstletter_____Igetfromhimwillbewellkept.•2.Thisisthebest_____isusedtosolvetheproblem.•3.Thisisthebiggestbuilding_____wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.•4.Boththegirlandherdog______werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.thatthatthatthat•5.Whoistheman_______isgivingustheclass?•6.Theybuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings______hadneverbeenseenbefore.•7.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace______itusedtobe.•8.Thisisthepenwith_____Iwrotetheletter.thatthatthatwhich•9.China,_______coversanareaofover9.6millionsquarekilometres,isthethirdlargestcountryintheglobe.•10.Hiswifelaughed,______madehimevenangrier.whichwhichSummary•只用that,不用which的情况:•（1）先行词为不定代词all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,•（2）先行词被only,few,little,very,等词修饰时.•（3）先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.•（4）先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.•（5）先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that.•（6）疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.•（7）先行词是way时，一般用that引导定语从句，that常可省略•定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:•①当关系代词的前面有介词时.•1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.•②在非限制性定语从句中.•1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.•2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句,主句是先行词)Practice4关系副词被替代的先行词在从句中的作用when=at,in,on,duringwhich表示时间的名词时间状语where=in,atwhich表示地点的名词地点状语why=forwhich只有reason原因状语•1.Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.•2.Thiswasthetimewhen(atwhich)sheleftforBeijing.•3.Thebookstorewhere(inwhich)hissisterworksisthelargestoneinNanjing.•4.Idon'tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.•5.Themanissaidtocomefromatown____________nobodyknew.•6.Thatistheage______________peopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.•7.Doyouknowthereason______shedidit?(which/that)when/inwhichwhy抽象地点名词•1.Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.•你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。•2.Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.•我们到了必须改一改的地步。•3.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.•今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。•4.Tothosesuccessfuldeafdancers,dancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethanhearing.•对对那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员来说，舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉重要的活动。•5.Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.•他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。•6.It'sputmeinapositionwhereIcan'taffordtotakethejob.•这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。•7.Shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.•她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。Summary•6个抽象地点名词：•point地步;•case情况;•activity活动;•situation情况;•position境地,位置;•job工作;•另外，语法学案中出现occasion场合•以上名词作先行词时，如果在定语从句中不做主语，宾语，表语，则用wherewhich引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句•1.NewconceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntoallofus.•which做主语•2.Shewonagoldmedal,whichthewholefamilyconsideredagreathonor.•which作宾语as引导的定语从句•在限制性定语从句中，as多和such和thesame连用，构成such。。。as和thesame...as结构，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。•Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.•他推荐的人是可靠的。（as作主语）•ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.•这和我上周读的那本书是一样的（as做宾语）•在非限制性定语从句中，as作为关系代词，代替整个主句•Heisgoodatassociatingwithpeople,asisknowntoall.•众所周知，他善长与人交往。•Asapoetpointsout,lifeisbutadream.•正如一位诗人所指出的，人生不过是一场梦。Fillintheblanks.•1.OnafreezingcolddayinJanuary1994,Jiesangfound________hewaslookingfor--agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelope.•2.Inthebattle_________followedJiesangwasshotandkilled.•3.Whenhisfrozenbodywasfoundhourslater,hewasstillholdin