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小学英语词汇专项一、词类1、名词(1)不可数名词都默认为单数,用“is”(2)可数名词复数变化规则:2、动词3、形容词:主要修饰名词或代词,“......的”。4、副词:主要修饰动词或形容词,“.....地”,变副词一般+ly,如loudly、happily、well(good)5、代词(1)人称代词和物主代词:动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。(2)指示代词:指近处this(这个)-these(这些);指远处that(那个)-those(那些)6、冠词:a、an、thean:用于元音音素(一般a、e、i、o、u)前。the:表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。7、数词基数词:表示数量,如one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety.ahundred,athousand,amillion,abillion,onehundredandone.序数词:表示顺序,如first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th),fifth(5th),sixth(6th),seventh(7th),eighth(8th),ninth(9th),tenth(10th)....二、重点考点1.+动词原形can、let’s、do(do、does、don’t、doesn’t、did\didn’t)、please、should、will、to后。wantto+动词原型,wouldliketo+动原,forgetto+动原,it’stimeto+动原。2.+动词inglike/go+动名词(V-ing)如:likeeating;goclimbing;goswimming;goshopping;gofishing3.用动词过去式有yesterday、lastyear/month/week、tenyearsago、then、1880等过去时间标志;发生在过去,没有时间标志。如:海伦凯勒的事迹、神州5号升天等。and并列,前一个动词或后一个动词用了过去式。4.+可数名词复数like+名词复数如:Ilikeapples。Howmany、different、some、alotof、lotsof等。大于1的数词如twoeggs。5.same前加the,序数词前一定加the,乐器前加the,球类前不加the6.on、in、at时间:On+具体某天如:onSunday(morning)。In+早下晚/月/年如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening。At+时间点如:atsixo'clock;atnight。地点:onthefarm;onthedesk;onyourhead…in+大地点(城市/国家):在......里如:inChina;inthebox;inthefield。at+小地点(学校/家/街道几号)如:athome;atschool。on在......上;under在......后;in在......里;behind在......后;betweenand在......之间;7.some、anysome用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句,any用于否定句或疑问句。Itooksomephotosyesterday.CanIhavesomemeatShedoesn'thaveanybooks.Didheeatanybananasyesterday8.动词后代词用宾格(动宾)如:joinme。介词后代词用宾格(介宾)如:withhim。形容词加名词(形名)如:abeautifulgirl。动词加副词(动副)如:dancebeautifully。9.Therebe结构就近原则如:Thereisateacherandsomestudentsintheclassroom.10.befrom;bebusy/free/absent/lateHeisfromChina.11.不可数名词water\coffee\tea\milk\juice\bread\rice\food\fruit\paper\chocolate\fish\meat......12.缩写:am-’m如Iam-I’m;is-’s,如heis-he’s,whatis-what’s;are-’re,如theyare-they’re;have-’ve,如Ihavegot-I’vegot;has-’s,如shehasgot-she’sgot;not-n’t,如wasnot-wasn’t;三、时态1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时中的be动词:一般用原形:amisaream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(hesheit和其他人名或称谓,如:Benhissister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如thechildren、hisparents等)。(2)一般现在时中的动词:主语是第三人称单数(he\she\it和其他,如Helen\hercousin等),动词后一般加s或es(详见后表)。主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。(3)一般现在时判断依据:△be动词是am、is、are,动词用原形或加s、es△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间。2、现在进行时(1)构成形式:Be+动词的ing形式(2)判断依据:△一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词加了ing△句中往往有now、look、listen等词。3、一般过去时(1)一般过去时中的be动词:am/is—wasare—were(2)一般过去时中的动词:一般加d或ed,不规则变化,详见后表。(3)一般过去时判断依据:有yesterday、lastyear/month/week、tenyearsago、then、1880等过去时间标志;发生在过去,没有时间标志。如:海伦凯勒的事迹、神州5号升天等。and并列,前一个动词或后一个动词用了过去式。4、一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形动词变化规则表形式构成例词第三人称单数1.一般直接在词尾加-s。like-likes;want-wants;run-runs;help-helps;know-knows;get-gets;read-reads;2.以字母s,x,ch,sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es。teach-teaches;wash-washes;go-goes;do-does;3.辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,加-es。carry-carries;fly-flies;try-tries;4.元音字母+y结尾的动词,直接加-s。play—plays;say—says;stay-stays;现在分词1.一般情况直接加-ing。look—looking;go—going;visit——visiting2.以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加-ing。come—coming;make—making;write—writing;3.以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。run-running;stop-stopping;get-getting;swim-swimming;sit-sitting;skip-skipping;4.加y结尾的,直接加-ing。study-studying;carry-carrying;fly-flying;cry-crying;play-playing;say-saying;5.以ie结尾的重读开音节动词,变ie为y,加ing。die—dying;tie—tying;lie—lying;过去式1.一般直接在动词后加-ed。call-called;open-opened;look-looked;want-wanted;need-needed;2.以不发音的字母e结尾的,直接加-d。live—lived;move—moved;hope—hoped;3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,加-ed。study—studied;cry—cried;try—tried;以元音字母加y结尾的,直接加-ed。play—played;enjoy—enjoyed;4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed。stop-stopped;plan-planned;动词过去式不规则变化am/is-was,are-were,do/does-did,have/has-had,,let-let,,put-put,read-read,hurt-hurtgo-went,come-came,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,make-made,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,swim-swam,sleep-slept,buy-bought,leave-left,teach–taught,tell-told,feel-felt,meet-met,find-found,forget-forgot,ring-rang,ride-rode,sing-sang/sung,begin-began,learn-learned/learnt,hear-heard,keep-keptsit-sat,catch-caught,know-knew,stand-stood,think-thought,mean-meant,drive-drove,grow-grew小学英语句子专项一、改复数1、is变成arewas变成were。2、one或a变成some。3、可数名词变成复数形式,不可数名词不变。例:Thereisabookonthedesk.——Therearesomebooksonthedesk.二、改否定句1、看句中有无be(am、is、are、was、were),如有,be+not。2、看句中有无情态动词can(could)、will(would),如有,情态动词后+not。3、无上,就加do(do、does、did),应用助动词+not。主语+do+not+动词原形+其它。4、注意:some变any,havegot的否定形式为haven'tgot。例:Thereweresometreesbehindthehouse.——Thereweren'tanytreesbehindthehouse.LilihasgotsomestampsfromEngland.——Lilihasn'tgotanystampsfromEngland.Tomdidhishomeworklastnight.——Tomdidn'tdohishomeworklastnight.三、改一般疑问句1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词can(could)、will(would),如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。3、无上,就加do(do、does、did)。Do+主语+动词原形+其它4、注意:I变成you,you变成I,sb.have/hasgot改为have/hassb.got。例:Damingcanplaybasketballverywell.——CanDamingplaybasketballverywellIhaveabookaboutsports.——Doyouhaveabookaboutsports四、划线提问特殊疑问句疑问词意思用法what什么问东西、事、物whatcolour什么颜色问颜
本文标题:外研版小学英语知识点归纳
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