2011年考研英语二-真题及答案

2010年——2013年考研英语二真题及答案第1页共9页2011年考研英语二真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers，ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3？Lastmonth，HowardSchmidt，thenation'scyber-czar，offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-avoluntarytrustedidentitysystemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey，afingerprintandaphotoIDcard，allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard，oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin，andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethesesinglesign-onsystemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12theapproachwouldcreateawalledgardenncyberspace，withsafeneighborhoodsandbrightstreetlightstoestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasavoluntaryecosysteminwhichindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14，trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns.Still，theadministration'splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach；othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternetdrive'slicensementality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts，whoworrythatthevoluntaryecosystemenvisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves，inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1．A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2．A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3．A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4．A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5．A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6．A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7．A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8．A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9．A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10．A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered2010年——2013年考研英语二真题及答案第2页共9页11．A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login12．A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast13．A.trustedB.modernizedC.thrivingD.competing14．A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15．A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16．A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17．A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18．A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19．A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20．A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000：ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'scompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked？ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime，shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful，yetlessbiased，advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere，theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.Ifthesky，andthesharepriceisfalling，outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10，000firmsandmorethan64，000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage，sotheresearchersconcentratedonthosesurprisedisappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture，theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases，andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive，itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftentheytradeup.Leavingriskier，smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks，evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhaveto2010年——2013年考研英语二真题及答案第3页共9页createincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons，onceagainverypopularoncampus.21.AccordingtoParagraph1，Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.[A]gainingex