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当前位置:首页 > 外语资料 > 英语基础 > 高考英语一轮复习《简单句、并列句、复合句》教案-新人教版
简单句并列句和复合句英语的句子可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句。并列句和复合句又都是由简单句组成。一简单句简单句的五个基本句型:句型例句主句+系动词+表语Mymotherisateacher.主语+不及物动词Timeflies.主语+及物动词+宾语WelikeEnglish.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Heaskedmeaquestion.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补助语Ifoundthebookinteresting.1.主语+系动词+表语这一句型说明主语是什么或怎么样;谓语动词需用系动词;表语多为形容词,也可为名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。常见的系动词有:be,become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,fall,hold,keep,smell,sound,taste等。如:Thismachineisingoodcondition.这台机器的情况良好。Thegardensmellspleasant.这座花园香气宜人。Allthesedictionariesareagreathelptome.所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。Heridealhascometrue.她的理想实现了。2.主语+动词这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有直接宾语也没有被动语态;但常带有状语。如:Thewaterisboiling.水开了。Thetrainwillleavesoon.火车就要开了。Thegashasgivenout.煤气用完了。Suchhousesrenteasily.这样的房子很容易租出去。Ioftengoswimminginsummer.我夏天常去游泳。Leavesfallwhentheautumnwindblows.秋风起,树叶落。3.主语+动词+宾语这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中,当一个动词(包括单个动词和动词短语)作及物动词用时,它必须要有自己的宾语(除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过,为避免不必要的重复,才会省去),否则会视为“句子不完整”。如:Hehasasister.他有一个妹妹。Theywantedtohavearest.他们想休息一会儿。Iliketakingrisks.我喜欢冒险。HespeaksEnglishveryfluently.他英语说得非常流利。4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语在这一句型中谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find等。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass等。如:Shebroughtmeashirt.她给我带来一件衬衣。Passhimthedictionary,please.请将词典递给他。Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他演示给我看怎样操作这台机器。Thatgentlemantoldusafunnystory.那位绅士给我们讲了个有趣的故事。Igaveherabook.→Igaveabooktoher.我给了她一本书。Heboughtmeapen.→Heboughtapenforme.他给我买了一支钢笔。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语这一句型中动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语用来补充、说明宾语的情况。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、分词和介词短语等充当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有:elect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,make,notice,see,let,smell,start,watch,appoint,believe,call,catch,allow,ask,cause,consider,expect,know,tell,think,want,wish,listento,lookat等等。如:Weelectedhimourmonitor.我们选他当班长。PresidentappointedJohnmanagerofMarketing.总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。Thenewsmademehappy.那消息使我很高兴。Hebeatafriendofmineblackandblue.他把我的一位朋友打得青一块紫一块。Wecaughthimstealingawatchfromthecounter.我们当场抓住他从柜台里偷手表。Ihavegotallthemistakesinmymathshomeworkcorrected.特别提醒:简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语,也可能有两个或更多的谓语,但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。如:ChinaandChinesepeopleareincrediblyprogressinginmanyaspects.(两个主语,一个谓语)中国和中国人民在很多方面以难以置信的速度进步。Computersmeanalottohumanbeingsandarepaidmoreandmoreattentiontobypeople.(两个谓语,一个主语)计算机对人类社会意味着很多东西,并越来越受到人们的重视。二.并列句1.在两个或多个简单句之间加上并列连词,或加上分号,把简单句变成并列句,从而使句子的连贯性更强,表达也更为贴切、自然。如:Tomisourmonitornow.Hecametoourschoollastyear.→Tomcametoourschoollastyearandheisourmonitornow.→Tomcametoourschoollastyear;heisourmonitornow.Tomdoeshishomeworkintheclassroom.Hesometimesdoeshishomeworkathome.→Tomdoeshishomeworkeitherintheclassroomorathome.→Tomusuallydoeshishomeworkintheclassroom,orathomesometimes.2.熟记下列并列连词的意义和用法。(1)联合类:and,both...and,aswellas,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...(2)选择类:or,orelse,otherwise,either...or...,(3)转折类:but,still,however,yet,while,when(4)因果类so,for,therefore,asaresultComehereontimetomorrowmorning,otherwise/oryouwillmissagoodchance.明早一定按时来,否则你会失去一个好机会。Ihavealottodothisevening,soIcan'tgoshoppingwithyou.NeitherTomnorhisfathercouldspeakChinese.汤姆和他父亲都不会说汉语。Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferently.3.however,but,while的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比,又表转折。Hewasill,buthestillkeptonworking.他病了,可他还是坚持工作。Whatshesaidsoundedreasonable,Mr.Green,however,didn'tbelieveher.她说得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。Thereisplentyofraininthesouthwhilethereislittleraininthenorth.南方多雨而北方少雨。温馨提示(1)so不能与because连用。(2)but,while不与although连用,但yet,still可与although连用。4.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句,and/or+主谓结构。(2)名词短语,and+主谓结构。在“祈使句,and/or+主谓结构”的结构中,祈使句表示一个条件,and后的句子表示结果。在“名词短语,and+主谓结构”结构中,名词短语可能表示条件,也可能表示时间,and后的句子表示结果。例如:Climbtothetopofthemountain,andyou'llgetagoodviewofthecity.Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Anotherfiveminutes,andI'llfinishthecomposition.Afewminutesandtheywentaway.(3)beaboutto...when...正要……这时突然……Hewasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorainheavily.三、复合句包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词或关系代词引导。或者简单地说只要给一个简单句任意加上一个从句,复合句即可生成。主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用,不能独立存在.在复合句中,主要包含以下类型从句:1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句5.状语从句6.定语从句(Themeetingcametoanend.)试加一个定语从句:(Themeetingthattheyheldinourclassroomcametoanend.)试加一个状语从句:(Whenwearrived,themeetingcametoanend.)或:(Themeetingcametoanendthoughitwasstillearly.)或:(BeforeIcouldspeakanything,themeetingcametoanend.)1.Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.2.Amanwhodoesn’tlearnfromotherscan’tachievemuch.3.Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.4.Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.5.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.6.Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.
本文标题:高考英语一轮复习《简单句、并列句、复合句》教案-新人教版
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