2015年职称英语考试：综合类A级概括大意文章及译文

—wearealltoofamiliarwiththedangersofsmoking.Butaddtothatlistafrighteningnewconcern.Mentalillness.Accordingtosomecontroversialnewfindings,ifsmokingdoesnotkillyou,itmay,quitelitter,driveyoutodespair。2.Thetobaccoindustryopenlypushesitsproductassomethingtoliftyourmoodandsootheanxiety.Buttheshort-termfeel-goodeffectmaymaskthetruth:thatsmokingmayworsenoreventriggeranxietydisorders,panicattacksanddepression,perhapsevenschizophrenia.3.Cigarettesandmentalillnesshavealwaystendedtogotogether.Anestimated1.25billionpeoplesmokeworldwide.Yetpeoplewhoaredepressedoranxiousaretwiceaslikelytosmoke,andupto88percentofthosewithpsychoticdisorderssuchasschizophreniasmokers.ArecentAmericansurveyconcludedthataroundhalfofallcigarettesburninthefingersofthosewithmentalillness.4.Butthebigquestioniswhy?Theusualstoryisthattheillnesscomesfirst.Mentallyillpeopletakeupsmoking,or“Weknowalotabouttheeffectsofsmokingonphysicalhealth,andnowwearealsostartingtoseetheadverseeffectsinnewresearchonmentalillness,”saysNaomiBreslau,directorofresearchattheHenryFordHealthCareSysteminDetroit.6.Breslauwasoneofthefirsttoconsiderthishereticalpossibility.Thehintcamefromstudies,publishedin1998,whichfollowedagroupofjustover1,000youngadultsforafive-yearperiod.The13percentwhobeganthestudywithmajordepressionwerearoundthreetimesmorelikelytoprogressfrombeinglightsmokerstodailysmokersduringthecourseofthestudy,thoughtherewasnoevidencethatdepressionincreasedthetendencytotakeupsmoking.Butahistoryofdailysmokingbeforethestudycommencedroughlydoubledtheriskof://“Currentcigaretteuseishowever,apowerfuldeterminantofdevelopinghighdepressivesymptoms(症状).”9.Breslau,too,findsthatsmokersareasmuchasfourtimesmorelikelytohaveanisolatedpanicattackandthreetimesmorelikelytodeveloplonger-termpanicdisorderthannon-smokers.It’sahardmessagetogetacross,becausemanysmokerssaytheybecomeanxiouswhentheyquit,notwhentheysmoke.ButBreslausaysthatthisisashort-livedeffectofwithdrawalwhichmaskstherealitythat,ingeneral,smokershavehigheranxietylevelsthannon-smokersorex-smokers.词汇：hypertension高血压clinical临床的schizophrenia精神分裂症heretical异端的psychotic精神分裂的prompt促使alleviate减轻nicotine尼古丁sinister不祥的peadiatrician儿科医生注释：即使病人是在得病之前就开始抽烟的，但大多数医生相信早期一些没有觉察到的症状使病人产生了抽烟的欲望。2....studies...whichfollowedagroup...:???…对一组作跟踪的调查3....althoughdepressedteenagersweremorelikelytohavebecomeheavysmokers,previousexperimentationwithsmokingwasthestrongestpredictorofsuchbehaviour,notthedepressionitself.：……虽然情绪抑郁的少年更有可能成为瘾君子，但究其原因却往往是以前有过尝试抽烟这样的经历，而不是情绪抑郁本身所致。4.It'sahardmessagetogetacross.这个信息很难让人理解。练习：1.Paragraph3_________2.Paragraph4_________’OpinionsDividedC.PositiveEffectsofSmokingasAdvertisedD.CloseAssociationBetweenDepressionandSmokingE.Breslau’sConclusionSupportedbyAnotherLargerStudyF.EffectofSmokingonmentalHealthInitiallyProved5.Nowadaysmanydoctorshavebecomeawarethatsmokingisnotonlyahazardtopeople’sphysicalhealth___________.6.Thecigaretteadswhichclaimthatsmokingcanhelpsootheanxiety__________.7.Breslau’sstudy_________thanGoodman’sbutlastedlonger.8.TocontradictBreslau’sconclusion,manysmokerssaythattheyarelessanxiouswhentheysmoke_________.