英语形容词和副词

GO20192019.12.X形容词&副词Adjective&AdverbCONTENTS01.形容词的用法02.形容词的级别03.副词分类&用法04.副词级别PARTONE形容词用法用来对名词或某些代词在性质、特征或状态等方面加以修饰的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.长的空的便宜的饿的在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．概念............的1.通常放在名词之前abluecapabigorange形容词既可修饰单数也可修饰复数aredstrawberrythreeredstrawberries2.可以放在be动词之后Thissuitisyellow.Theappleisred.Theapplesarered.Thesesuitsareyellow.①外观:long,strong,big,round,fat,beautiful,old等②性质:good,clean,new,fresh,soft,excellent等③颜色:red,black,green,blue,white等④性格:kind,cruel,honest,foolish,lazy,rude等⑤状况:careful,blind,deaf,cheap,hungry等⑥评论:great,true,necessary,difficult,wrong等性质形容词关系形容词①地域:Chinese,American,Asian等②质料:wooden,golden,plastic,metallic(金属的,含金属的)等③科技:electric,chemical,medical等④意识:social,political,religious等⑤行业:industrial,agricultural,economic,military等形容词构成-ing形容词﹙修饰物﹚这类形容词多由及物动词变成intersting有趣的pleasing令人高兴的worring令人担心的tiring令人疲惫的alarming使人惊动的amazing令人惊奇的boring无聊的exciting令人兴奋的relaxing令人轻松的-ed形容词﹙修饰人﹚大多数-ed形容词都以及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义多数为品质的形容词interested有趣的pleased高兴的worried忧虑的Tired疲倦的frightened害怕的surprised惊奇的troubled麻烦的Exercise1.Mr.Smith,___ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring2.Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely____thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting,beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest3.I’mvery_____onhearingthe_______news.A．surprised,surprisingB．surprising,surprisedC．surprised,surprisedD．surprising,surprising表语形容词：afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的ill有病的awake醒着的glad高兴的asleep睡着的fine健康的-与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物eg.Therichandthepoorliveverydifferentlives.富有的人和贫穷的人过着不同的生活。名词+ful（满的、全部）VSless（少的、完全不）变形容词care+fulhelphelpful有用的helpless无助的careful小心的+lesscareless粗心的useuseful有益的useless无效的forgetforgetful健忘的colorcolorful多彩的colorless无色的peacepeaceful和平的peaceless不平静的harmharmful有害的harmless无害的形容词简单形容词：由单个词构成复合形容词：由两个或两个以上词构成cold-blooded(冷血的)dark—blue（深蓝的）good—looking（好看的）new—born（新生的）hard-working（勤劳的）well-known（著名的）hard-breaking（令人心碎的）man-made（人造的）eight-year-old（八岁的）snow—white（雪白的）名词+y变形容词rainrainyluckluckycloudcloudynoisenoisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）snowsnowysunsunny（双写，加-y）windwindyiceicyfogfoggy名词+ly变形容词Friendfriendly友好的deaddeadly致命的lovelovely可爱的lonelonely孤独的likelikely可能的livelively活泼的brotherbrotherly兄弟般的形容词用法①作表语②作定语③宾语补足语④状语Thestorywasveryinteresting.A.Myhometownisabeautifulvillage.B.Alarkisabirdgoodatsinging.C.Tomseemsill.Areyousureit'snothingserious?A.Hisfailingintheeaxmmadehisfathersad.B.PleasekeeptheroomcleanA.Largeorsmall,allcountriesareequal.B.Theystarttheexperiment,hopefulforsuccess.做表语作表语，与系动词连用。如：Theclassroomisclean.Thetreesturngreeninspring.感官系动词：look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,become,get,turn,go等Thecaketastesdelicious.做定语作定语，一般放在名词之前,复合不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等之后。Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm？eg.It’sasunnydaytoday.做宾语补足语形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.Colouritgreen.做状语作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果等。eg.Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.Shecamehomesick.特殊用法1.形容词后置：A.修饰some,any,no,every等构成的复合不定代词要后置。somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginterestingB.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。Nobodyelseislateforschool.特殊用法1.形容词后置：C.以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置。alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake…Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.D.某些形容词，如:present(在场的，出席的),involved(有关的),concerned(相关的),left(剩下的),mentioned(提及的),selected(当选的)等。thestudentspresent(出席的学生)thecostinvolved(所需费用)Canyoubelievethatin_____arichcountrythereshouldbe_____manypoorpeople?A.such,suchB.such,soC.so,soD.so,such特殊用法2.so和such的用法A:基本用法：such+n./n.p.;so+adj./adv.B:修饰可数名词单数，so和such可以互换；如：sogoodastudent，suchagoodstudentC:so可加many,much,few,little等，而such不能。如：somanypeople,solittlewater3.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序常用顺序为:限定词-外观-形状-年龄-颜色-国家-材料.县（限）定词:（所、冠、物、指、数）官（观）外观和描绘性：多为表主观看法的形容词行（形）（大小、长短、形状、高低、方圆等）令（龄）指年龄、新、旧等宴（颜）指颜色的词国（国）指国籍的词才（材）指材料、种类的词E.g.ThefirstbeautifullargelongnewredChineseconcretebridge.一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。Exercise1.The_____housesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears.A.littlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittle2.JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa____car.A.largeGermanwhiteB.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGermanD.Germanlargewhite3.____studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YongstrongtenChinesePARTTWO形容词级别⑴直接加-er,-est:youngcleverbraveyoungerclevererbraveryoungestcleverestbravest⑵辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i再加-er、-est:happyearlyheavyhappierearlierheavierhappiestearliestheaviest1.规则形容词的比较级和最高级（4种）fastfasterfastestyoungyoungeryoungest⑶以一个辅音字母(w、y、r除外)结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这一辅音字母再加-er、-estfatthinhotslowfatterthinnerhotterslowerfattestthinnesthottestslowest⑷多音节词和派生的双音节词前加more、mostbeautifulexpensivemorebeautifulmoreexpensivemostbeautifulmostexpensive反向比较加less、leastlessexpensive1)goodwellbetterbest2)badillworseworst4)manymuchmoremost5)littlelessleast2.不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。3)oldolderelderoldesteldest6)farfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest1.old______2.busy_________3.thin________4.many_________5.slow________6.well_________7.bright__________8.lazy________9.safe_________10.bad__________11.delicious________12.sad_________moredelicious、mostdelic