第十五讲----高中英语语法--名词讲解与练习

名词在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化、主谓一致等。名词的考点归纳考点一可数名词的数可数名词单数变复数的变化规则：此处略去500字考点二不可数名词（一）一般说来，抽象名词为不可数名词eg:advice,knowledge,information,love,time,work(工作),luck,help,success,courage,progress,freedom,luggage,housework,homework,fun,weather,anger等（二）物质名词通常为不可数名词eg:water,air,tea,coffee,oil,soup,milk,rain,meat,hair,sugar（三）抽象名词具体化后，有单复数的变化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty困难；adifficulty一件难事(2)failure失败；afailure一位失败者，一件失败的事(3)knowledge知识；agoodknowledgeof丰富的知识(4)success成功；asuccess一位成功者，一件成功的事(5)surprise惊奇；asurprise一件令人吃惊的事(6)honour荣誉；anhonour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事温馨提示：可数名词不可数名词可数名词不可数名词工作jobworklife生命（性命）生活（常作[U]）建议suggestionadviceexercise练习，眼操运动采取措施takemeasurestakeactionexperience经历经验考点三名词与其他词类的词形变化名词后缀意义例词考点四名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系，表“...的”（一）’s所有格(单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词加’s，以-s结尾的复数名词加’)1.表有生命名词的所有格eg:theboy’sbooks,theboys’books,thechildren’sbooks2.表国家、机构、时间、距离等无生命的名词eg:today’snewspaper,theworld’spopulation,fiveminutes’walk3.表某人的家或店铺eg:WewenttoLucy’sfordinner.（二）of所有格表无生命名词的所有格eg:thecoverofthebook,theendoftheroad（三）双重所有格双重所有格的名词通常是有生命的eg:afriendofmybrother’s,afriendofmine-age抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、结果或总称use—usage用途short—shortage缺乏marry—marriage婚姻pack—package包裹-ance，-ence抽象名词后缀，表示性质、状态、行为、过程accept-acceptance接受perform—performance表演exist—existence存在occur—occurrence发生differ—difference不同-ancy，-ency抽象名词后缀，表示性质和状态expect—expectancy期待end—tendency趋势，趋向emergent—emergency紧急情况fluent—fluency流利；流畅-dom表示状况或状态free—freedom自由wise—wisdom智慧-er，-or表示“······人，······者”receive—receiver接受者，听筒carry—carrier携带者begin—beginner初学者direct—director主任operate—operator操作者-ian构成人称名词，表示“精通······的人”technique—technician技术员,magic-magician魔术师-ness构成抽象名词happy-happiness,lazy-laziness,tired-tiredness-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常义为“······化”classify—classification分类communicate—communication交流-ics表示“······学科”economic—economics经济学-ion,-ation,-ition由动词构成的名词，表示行为的过程、结果、状况，意为“······行为；······状态”produce—production生产solute—solution解决方法organize—organization组织；机构construct—construction建设describe—description描述direct—direction方向hesitate—hesitation犹豫compete—competition竞争-ist构成人称名词，表示“从事······研究者；信仰······主义者”special—specialist专家piano—pianist钢琴家-ity/ty抽象名词后缀，表示性质responsible—responsibility责任similar—similarity相似【注】带词尾-s的单数名词，通常仍加-’s：theboss’splan老板的计划thehostess’sworry女主人的担心带词尾-s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’)：Dickens’novels狄更斯的小说Charles’sjob查理斯的工作考点五名词与主谓一致注意：集体名词(若视为整体，表示单数意义；若强调其个体成员，表示复数意义。)family(家庭;家人),team(队;队员),class(班;班级学生),audience(听众)复数形式单数意义，谓语动词用单数physics,politics,news单数形式复数意义，谓语动词常用复数people;police;public只有复数形式，表示复数意义，谓语动词也用复数goods(货物),clothes(衣服)，trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀)集训：1.Hisfamily(be)well-knowninthetowninthepast.2.Hisfamily(be)waitingforhimnow.3.There(be)manypeopleatyesterday’smeeting.4.Where(be)myglasses？/5.Nonews(be)goodnews.6Thismeans(work).Thesemeansall(work).7.Thepolice(search)forthesuspectthesedays./8.Theseclothes(wash)well.集训：1--6wasarewereareisworkworksaresearchingwashⅠ.单句语法填空1.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof(achieve)2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.3.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellings(土坯房）admirableistheir(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.5.Anysmellmightattractnatural______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.6.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess（be）asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachday.单句改错1.（2014年全国卷1）Thecherrytomatoes(圣女果)aresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.2.(2016全国卷1)Therestaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.3.(2016全国卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.4.(2016全国卷3)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.5.(2015全国卷2)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisbothparent....heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.6.(2011全国卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.II巩固练习：一、单句语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asia’sbiggestbuilding，andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract).2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.3.(2016·淄博高三二模)Helostallhis________(key)tothedoors，sohehadtogetthemopenedbyforce.4.(2016·滕州5月模拟)Forseveralweeks，Mrs.Edwardshopedtobeoneofthelucky________(housewife)likemanyofherfriends.5.(2016·太原模拟)Thelittleboyatesomany________(potato)andsomuchmeatthathethrewupatdawn.6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese________(painting).7.(2015·江苏卷)Someschoolswillhavetomake________(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.8.(2015·江苏卷)—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom，Dave.—I’dliketo，butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmy________(apologize).9.(2015·浙江卷)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce________(stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.10.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation