Chapter 2 General Analytical Operations and Inform

SECTION100PesticideAnalyticalManualVol.I200–1TransmittalNo.98-1(10/97)FormFDA2905a(6/92)TableofContentspagedate201:PercentageFat,Water,andSugarsinFoods02:Grains201-21/9409:Dairy201-31/9412:Cheese201-31/9413:IceCream,etc.201-41/9414:MilkProducts201-51/9415:EggsandEggProducts201-51/9416:Fish201-51/9417:MeatandPoultry201-71/9420:Fruits201-81/9421:FruitProducts201-91/9422:VineFruits(Melons)andProducts201-101/9423:Nuts,EdibleSeeds,andProducts201-111/94Chapter1RegulatoryOperationsChapter2GeneralAnalyticalOperationsandInformationChapter3MulticlassMRMsChapter5GLCChapter4SelectiveMRMsChapter6HPLCTransmittalNo.98-1(10/97)FormFDA2905a(6/92)200–2SECTION100PesticideAnalyticalManualVol.Ipagedate24:Beans,Peas,Corn,andFruitingVegetables201-111/9425:VegetablesandProducts201-141/9428:Spices,Flavors,andSalts201-151/9436:Sweeteners(Nutritive)201-161/9438:Soups201-161/9440:BabyFoods201-161/94202:BasicAnalyticalTechniques202A:Introduction202-11/94202B:ColumnChromatography202-11/94Terminology202-11/94RecommendedOperatingProcedure202-21/94CommonProblems202-21/94202C:SolventEvaporation202-41/94Kuderna-DanishConcentrators202-41/94RotaryEvaporator202-61/94RotaryEvaporatorwithCirculating202-71/94ChilledLiquidTurbo-Vap202-81/94CommonProblems202-81/94References202-81/94203:EquipmentandProceduresforComminutingSamples203A:Equipment203-11/94BlendersandHomogenizers203-11/94ChoppersandFoodProcessors203-11/94Grinders203-21/94Mills203-21/94203B:ProceduresforSpecificCommodities203-21/94CrabsandCrayfish203-21/94Eggs203-31/94Fish203-31/94FruitsandVegetables203-31/94Hays,Straws,andDry,LowFat203-31/94FeedIngredientsOilseeds203-41/94DryProducts(Pasta,DryBeans,Grains,etc.)203-41/94References203-41/94204:SpecialReagentPreparation204A:Introduction204-11/94204B:PAMIConventionsforReagents204-11/94204C:GeneralTestsforReagentPurity204-11/94TestforSubstancesCausingDeterminative204-11/94StepInterferenceSECTION100PesticideAnalyticalManualVol.I200–3TransmittalNo.98-1(10/97)FormFDA2905a(6/92)pagedateTestforSubstancesCausingPesticide204-21/94Degradation204D:TestsandPurificationProcessesfor204-21/94SpecificReagentsAcetonitrile204-21/94EthylEther204-21/94GlassWool204-21/94SodiumSulfate204-31/94Florisil204-31/94Lauricacidtest204-41/94Elutiontest204-59/96205:ReferenceStandards205A:Sources205-11/94205B:EquipmentandSolvents205-11/94Equipment205-11/94Solvents205-21/94205C:Storage205-21/94205D:Purity205-21/94205E:StandardSolutions205-31/94Definitions205-31/94ProtocolsforPreparingStandardSolutions205-31/94205F:Safety205-41/94205G:DisposalofReferenceStandardsandSolutions205-41/94206:QualityAssuranceandQualityControl206A:GeneralPrinciples206-11/94206B:QAProgramPlan206-21/94QualityControlPoints206-21/94QualityofEquipment206-21/94QualityofStandardsandReagents206-21/94EnvironmentalControl/Facility206-31/94QualityofAnalyticalWork206-31/94QualityofAnalyticalDocumentation206-31/94Audits206-41/94SampleAccountability206-41/94QualityofAdministrativeSystems206-41/94206C:SOPs206-41/94206D:Bibliography206-61/94207:Safety207A:Introduction207-11/94207B:LawsandRegulationsRelatedtoSafety207-11/94207C:MaterialSafetyDataSheets207-21/94207D:DevelopmentofaChemicalHygienePlan207-31/94TransmittalNo.98-1(10/97)FormFDA2905a(6/92)200–4SECTION100PesticideAnalyticalManualVol.Ipagedate207E:ResponsibilitiesoftheIndividualChemist207-51/94207F:RoleofTraining207-61/94207G:Bibliography207-61/94GovernmentorOrganizationalMaterials207-61/94OtherPublications207-71/94208:HazardousWasteDisposal208A:IdentificationofWaste208-11/94WasteSpecificallyExcluded208-11/94ChemicalsListedin40CFR261.30208-11/94SubpartDChemicalsExhibitingHazardousWaste208-21/94CharacteristicsHazardousWasteMixtures208-31/94208B:CategorizationofWasteGenerator208-31/94208C:ObtainingAppropriateIDNumbers208-31/94208D:WasteCollectionandStorageProcedures208-41/94208E:ArrangementforWasteDisposal208-41/94208F:AdditionalManagementRequirements208-41/94208G:Bibliography208-51/94TransmittalNo.94-1(1/94)FormFDA2905a(6/92)201–1ProductCodeCommodity%Fat%Water%SugarsSECTION201PesticideAnalyticalManualVol.I201:PERCENTAGEFAT,WATER,ANDSUGARSINFOODSMethodsinChapters3and4areusuallydesignatedasapplicabletoeitherfatty(2%)ornonfatty(2%)foods.Inaddition,somemethodsfornonfattyfoodsincludealternativeextractionsteps,choiceofwhichisdictatedbythepercentagewaterorsugarsintheproduct.Tofacilitateproperapplicationofthesemethods,thistableprovidespercentagefat,water,andsugarsforrawagriculturalcommodi-tiesandsomeprocessedfoods.Datawereobtainedfromthefollowingsources:USDANutrientDataBaseforStandardReference,Release8andRelease9,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,Washington,DCHomeEconomicsResearchReportNo.48,“SugarContentofSelectedFoods:IndividualandTotalSugars,”Tables1,3,and4,StockNo.001-000-04515-8,GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,DC20402;obtainedbydownloadfrombulletinboardPehrsson,P.(Jan.1994),privatecommunicationSmith,J.S.,etal.(1986)J.FoodSci.51,1373-1375Notesontheinformationinthistable:FortheconvenienceofFDAfieldpersonnel,OfficeofRegulatoryAffairs(ORA)productcodesareincludedform