必修四 Unit 3.3 Learning about language - Grammar

Theuseof(定语＆宾语补足语)Unit3Grammar一、动词-ing形式作表语①动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofchildren.（动名词）她的工作就是洗衣、打扫卫生和照看孩子—Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.—Whatisthehen’sfull-timejob?Hisconcernforhismotherismoving.（现在分词）他对母亲的关心令人感动Hiswordsareencouraging.他的话很鼓舞人（现在分词）②现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态，译为“令人…的”。Thecartoonisamusing.常用来作表语的ing形式有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising全析提示：1）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。Hisjobisraisingpigs.=Raisingpigsishisjob.2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词very,rather等Thebookis(very)interesting.二、动词-ing形式作定语①动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作。A______poolswimmingbuildingmaterials=materialsforbuildingareadingroom=aroomforreadingawritingdesk=adeskforwriting我们必须改进工作方法。Wemustimproveourworkingmethod.（动名词）他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.（动名词）②现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作的进行，可以转换成定语从句。Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.（现在分词）=Thestudentthatismakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。therisingsunadancinggirlboilingwateraflyingkiteasmilingfaceawalkingstickawalkingman（分词）ThewomanhavinglessonsismyEnglishteacher.Thewomanishavinglessons.SheismyEnglishteacher.Combinethetwosentencesbyusing“v-ing”.Agirlissittinginthetree.Thegirlisbeautiful.Thegirl_______________isverybeautiful.sittinginthetree全析提示：1.动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。workingmethod=methodforworking工作方法2.单个分词和分词短语都可作定语，单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语则作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。themanvisitingJapan=themanwhoisvisitingJapan访日的那个人。3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。V-ing,过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：现在正在被举行的会议很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.昨天举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.明天要举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.进行将来完成三、动词-ing形式作宾补1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态我发现地板上放着一个包。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Iheardthecouples_______inthenextroom.(sing)singing2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsingingintheroom.=Hewasheardsingingintheroom.3).能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:a.感官动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe：Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Listentothebirdssinging.b.使役动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.1.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.havingbeatB.beatingC.beatenD.tobeatExercise2.Thesun____inthewestlooksevenmorebeautiful.A.settingB.beingsetC.thatsettingD.tobeset3.Thehouse____nowisourlibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.toberepairedD.whichisrepaired4.—Whoisthemantalkingtoourheadmaster?—Aprofessor___avisittoourschool.A.paysB.ispayingC.paidD.paying5.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed、6.The___boyswerelastseen____neartheriver.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay7.Mr.Smith,___ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.(NMET2003)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring、8.Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung9.Heleftthebook________wherehehadfoundit.A.lainB.lyingC.layingD.lay10.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures________inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed11.Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smellD.tobesmelt12.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun13.Peopleinthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.A.liveB.toliveC.livedD.living14.WhenIcamein,IsawDr.Li_______apatient.A.examineB.examiningC.toexamineD.examined15.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading、16.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned17.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked18.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice_____him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall19.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting20.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong___,Ihaveneverheardyou______it.A.beingsung;sangB.sang;singingC.sung;singD.tobesung;tosingHomeworkMakeuseofdifferentlearningresourcestosummarizetheruleofv-ingforms.