大学英语-翻译课件-The_Technique_of_Amplification

TheTechniqueofAmplificationByamplification,wemeanthatintranslationwesometimeshavetoamplifysomenecessarywordsorphrasessoastomakethetranslationclearandsmooth.Generallyspeaking,therearetwocaseswhereamplificationisneeded,oneistocomplementsomeimplicitmeaningbysomewordsinordertotransfertheoriginalmeaningexplicitly;theotheristocomplementsomesententialcomponentomittedintheoriginaldiscoursetomakethetranslationhavecompletemeaning.Inordertofaithfullyconveytheoriginalmeaningandstyle,andatthesametimetomakethetranslationconformtothelinguisticandsocialnormandhabit,wesometimesneedtoaddsomewordsandexpressionsintranslation.Wecanaddverbs,nouns,adverbs,attributes,pronouns,andconjunctions,andsoonaccordingtoourneeds.ItisaveryusualphenomenonforatranslatortoaddconjunctionswhentranslateChineseintoEnglish,becauseconjunctionsareusedmoreofteninEnglishthaninChinese,anditisthesamewitharticles.(汉语意合，英语形合)Thecookturnedpale,andaskedthehousemaidtoshutthedoor,whoaskedBrittle,,whoaskedthetinker,whopretendednottohear.厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布里特而关，布里特而叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听见。Chineseemphasizesthenotionof“governingformwithspirit”,Englishemphasizeshypotaxis,whereasChineseemphasizesparataxis.Hypotaxismeansachievingthecohesionofwordsandsentenceswithlanguageforms,parataxismeansachievingthecohesionofwordsandsentenceswiththelogicalrelationimpliedbythem.Theformerfocusesoncohesioninlanguageform,andthelatterfocusesoncoherenceinmeaning.WhentranslatingChineseintoEnglish,pronounsareoftenamplified.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoC:1.Children,neglectedbytheirparents,turnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.2．BeforehewenttoAfrica,helearnedhowtorideandshoot.3.Shehadherhandsfullthismorning—washing,cookingandcleaning.Toaddnounsaftervi.(intransitiveverb)1.Children,neglectedbytheirparents,turnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.走上吸毒和犯罪的道路。2．BeforehewenttoAfrica,helearnedhowtorideandshoot.学了怎样骑马和打猎。3.Shehadherhandsfullthismorning—washing,cookingandcleaning.她…忙个不停（具体－抽象化）——洗衣服，烧饭，收拾（打扫）房间。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoE:1.就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。2．只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。3．这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。4．在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。5.三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。汉译英增译法：1.就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。Eventhepeopleinthefascistcountrieswerestrippedoftheirhumanrights.（增译物主代词）2．只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。Whilethemagistrateswerefreetoburndownhouse,thecommonpeoplewereforbiddentolightlamps.（增译连词3．这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。Thisisyetanothercommonpointbetweenthepeopleofourtwocountries.（增译介词）4．在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。Inthefieldofhumanrights,Chinaopposesthepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweak.（增译暗含词语）5.三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.（增译注释性词语）MoreexamplesofAmplification:1.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.2.Parisalltruth,Versaillesalllies;andthatliesventedthroughthemouthofThiers.3.没有调查就没有发言权.4.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后5.妈妈不喜欢看电影1.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.(读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。2.Parisalltruth,Versaillesalllies;andthatliesventedthroughthemouthofThiers.(巴黎全是真理，凡尔赛全是谎言，而这种谎言是从梯也尔嘴里发出的。)3.没有调查就没有发言权。（Hewhomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.4.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。（Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.）5.妈妈不喜欢看电影。（Mymotherdoesnotlikefilm.TomakeabstractnounsconcretebyamplifyingsomeproperwordssoastomakethetranslationconformtoChineseexpression:1.MostpeopleinAmerica,minoritypeopleinparticular,areconvincedthatinjusticesexistintheireconomicsystem.…….都确信美国经济制度中存在着不公正现象。2．Preparationsforthesummitmeetingcontinued.…..准备工作继续进行。3．Somepeoplewereanxioustorelaxinretirementwithallthestrainsrelieved.一些人渴望过轻松的退休日子，使自己从一切紧张状态中解脱出来。4)whentranslatingpastparticiplesoradjectivesservingasnouns,amplificationisnecessary.Theexploited,被剥削的人theinexperienced有经验的人Thewoundedwasapoliceman那个受伤的人Therich富人Intheirliteratureclass,theydiscussedthemysticalandthesupernatural.……神秘主义和超自然主义思想。1．Theyhadnowishtochangethesystemitself,oriftheydid,throughidealistic,utopianschemes.(oriftheydidwishtochangethesystemitself,theywouldchangeitthrough…)他们并不希望改变制度本身；即使他们有这种愿望，那也只是想通过乌托邦式的理想主义方案来改变。2．Standingtogether,wecanfurtherpeaceandsecurity.Greatnations,ifadversaries,(iftheybecomeadversaries,oriftheytreateachotherasadversaries)cannotdrawfromeachother’sstrength.站在一起，我们就能推进和平和安全。如果伟大的国家互为敌手（相互为敌）那么他们就无法相互汲取长处。A:Whatdoesthatlawyerdoafterhedies?B:Liestill.躺着说鬼话。（静静地躺着，继续撒谎。)