大学英语-翻译课件-翻译的词性转换技

英汉互译翻译技巧词性转换英语和汉语最大区别之一是英语讲究词性。英语中的词可分为十大词类（Partsofspeech）。其中和词类转译密切相关的有：名词、形容词、动词、副词、介词、冠词等。在翻译中，一种语言里属于某种词类的词并非一定要翻译成另一种语言的相应词类，而且也不可能这样做。一般地说，英汉词性转换有一定规律，比如：英语比较喜欢多用名词和介词，而汉语则是动词用的多一些。现将几个关键的词性转移问题列举如下。1．英语名词转化为汉语动词(1)Anacquaintancewithworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.读一点世界史对研究时事是有帮助的。（2）Thediscoveryofanewdishdoesmoreforthehappinessofmankindthanthediscoveryofanewstar.发明一样新菜要比发现一颗新星对人类幸福贡献更大。（3）Thebeautyofthescenerybaffles阻挠description.景色之美，笔墨难以形容。（4）Therehasbeenatremendousexpansionofnurseriesandkindergartensinbothtownandvillages.在城市和乡村，托儿所和幼儿园都在大量地增加。（5）AviewoftheWestLakecanbeobtainedfromthishouse.从这所屋子可以看到西湖的景色。（6）BeforeIwasagenius,Iwasadrudge苦工.在我成为天才之前，我曾当过苦工。（7）HeisaloverofChinesepainting.他爱好中国画。（8）Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachainsmoker.他倒是不抽烟的，可他爸爸却一支接一支不停地抽。（9）Heisalotbetteractorthanyouthinkheis.他演得比你所预期的要好得多。2．英语介词或介词短语转化为汉语动词(10)IfoundhimathisbookwhenIcameintotheroom.我走进房间，看见他正在看书。(11)Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.发展的道路是漫长的，但是我们已经坚定地走上这条道路。3英语形容词转化成汉语动词(12)Wearenotcontentwithourpresentachievements.我们不满足于我们现有的成就。(13)Theyweresuspiciousandresentful怨恨的ofhim.他们不信任他，讨厌他。(14)Husseinwasapuzzledman.侯赛因茫然不解。4．副词转化为动词(15)SorryIwasn’tinwhenyourangmeup.很抱歉，你打电话来时，我不在。5动词转化为名词(16)Thelandingwasdesignedtocutthepeninsula半岛intwo.登陆的目的是要把该半岛一切为二。(17)OnthatdaytheywereescortedtotheGreatWallofChina.他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。(18)Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。6形容词转化为名词(19)Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblindandthedeaf.他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。(20)Allthewoundedweresenttothehospitalrightaway.全体伤员立即送进医院了。(21)Theyshowedasympatheticunderstandingofourproblem.他们对我们的问题表示同情和理解。7名词转化为形容词(22)Irecognizedtheabsurdityofdealingwiththemthroughintermediaries.我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。(23)Hewasstillmoresurprisedatthesingularity奇特ofthestranger’sappearance.他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪，就更加惊异了。(24)Wearedeeplyconvincedofthecorrectnessofthosepoliciesandfirmlydeterminedtopursueit.我们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。(25)Heisamanofcoolcourage.他是沉着果敢的人。8名词用作表语形容词(26)Thegarden-partyisagreatsuccess.游园会真是圆满极了。(27)Themusicisagas.这音乐妙极了。(28)Theysaymystoryisayawn呵欠.人们都说，我的故事乏味的很。9．副词转化为形容词29)Hewasdeeplyimpressedbywhattheydidinthecriticalmoment.他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。(30)“Isupposeboysthinkdifferentlyfromgirls”,hesaid.“恐怕男孩子的想法与女孩子的想法是不一样的。”他说。10．英语形容词转化为汉语副词31)Atlast,hewhisperedahurriedgood-byetohishostanddarted猛冲towardthedoor.最后，他匆匆地向主人轻声道别，大步走向门口。11．名词转化为副词32)Hehadthekindnesstoshowmetheway.他好意地给我指路。(33)Ihadthefortunetomeethim.我幸运地遇到了他。(34)Wefounddifficultyinsolvingthehousingproblem.我们感到住房问题难以解决。12．非人称主语转换成人称主语(35)Thethoughtofreturningtohisnativelandneverdesertedhimamidhistribulation.苦难,磨难在苦难中，重返故园的念头始终在他心头萦绕着。(36)Alookofpleasurecametoherface.她脸上显露出愉快的表情。(37)Theapplicationofelectroniccomputersmakesforatremendousriseinlabourproductivity.由于人们应用电子计算机，因此促使劳动生产率突飞猛进38)Failuredidnotdeterhimfromtryingagain.他并不因为失败而放弃尝试。(39)Thedesignisforeignfrommythoughts.我头脑里没有这种打算。(40)Hiswordssentaquiver颤抖throughmybody.听了他的话，我不禁打了一个寒战。1）我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。OurinstituteiscoadministratedbytheEducationCommissionandthemunicipalgovernment.(名词转动词)ToomuchexposuretoTVprogramswilldogreatharmtotheeyesightofchildren.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)3）由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thankstotheintroductionofourreformandopeningpolicy,ourcomprehensivenationalstrengthhasgreatlyimproved.(动词转名词)4）I’mallforyouopinion.我完全赞成你的意见。（介词转动词）5ThereformandopeningpolicyissupportedbythewholeChinesepeople.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。（动词转名词）6.Inhisarticletheauthoriscriticalofman’snegligencetowardhisenvironment.作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（形容词转名词）7.InsomeoftheEuropeancountries,thepeoplearegiventhebiggestsocialbenefitssuchasmedicalinsurance.在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（被动语态转主动语态）（8）时间不早了，我们回去吧！Wedon’thavemuchtimeleft.Let’sgoback.(句型转换)（9）学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。Allthestudentsshoulddevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysically.(名词转副词)转译成动词1.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.2.InChina,thereisalotofemphasisonpoliteness.3.Acarefulstudyoftheoriginaltextwillgiveyouabettertranslation.4.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.5.Heisagoodsinger.6.Thosesmallfactoriesarealsolavishconsumerandwasterofrawmaterials.7.Youmustbetired.Whydon’tyoutakearest?8.Iamanxiousabouthishealth.9.Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.10.Scientistsareconfidentthatallmatterisindestructible.11.Sheopenedthewindowtoletfreshairin.12.Aftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignbehind.转译成名词13.Thiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.14.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.15.Ourageiswitnessingaprofoundpoliticalchange.16.MostU.S.spysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth’satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions.17.Hewastreatedveryshabbilybythepressduringthisperiod.18.Iwasencouragedbyourpresident.19.Theydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.20.Bothcompoundsareacids,theformerisstrongandthelatterisweak.21.Hewaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.22.Hiswholefamilywerereligious.转译成形容词23.Thisissueisofvitalimportance.24.Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.25.Ourperformanc