实用物理辞典

FGmmr=122ABmmB'A'mmFFABABcmmmlvc022-mVGV344()()LLLFSLLLaFSLaLLLEES--=-=0000000011LLLPSaEfkxkmmFFABACBCABADABAC310A451.55BBCADDDCABABCDACAADABACACADABACADABACADABAC1-2ABABBAABCABABBCACABBCAC+=ACAB33.7RFFabab-=+-()FFFFF12121-7=Fcos=FsinFM=0(2)=0A1-13AmgABAFBANBAfTANAfB1-14BmgBAABNABfT11112121'21'NNfff=Nf=N1'1'1'1111222vSt=avvtt=-0vSt=vStvvvvvvSt==tttttvtvvSt=ΔΔvtStdSdtStt()lim()===→ΔΔΔ0aavvttt=--00atvtt=-0avvttt=--=00vvvttt=--00tttt0ttt9..8/avtattvvvattttt===-=--ΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔlimlim002v=StSvtSttgvtvvtatα==-=Δ0(t)S=vat(v)St0t2t0212202=+vaSv=v+atSt+12atv=v+2aSt0t202v02vgtSStvgStt===1222v0v0Svtgt=0212vvva=-gv-gtth=t-12gtv=v-2ghth2t=2vg000t02t202m0vvgvg0022vv-gthvt-12gtvv-2ghg9.8g=-9.8tt=vgt002t202022vgtvSv=v+gtvvv+2gS020200212Stgt=+v0xvtr=12gtxyvgtyx02028202vv=vv=gtx0yvvvvgttxy=+=+220222tgvvgtvgxvarctggtvarctggxvyx=====002002hhyyhtxvtS12122222000gtgthgvtvhg=()vvcosvsintv=vcosvvsin-gttxyt0000x0y0yvvvvtgavvxtvtytvtgtytgxgvxHvgTvgXvxyyx=+===-=-===220020222022002122122cos()sincossinsinsingvx=0vg022sintv=StΔω=ΔΔtmvr25FvFrF=mrFrnnnnFmvrn=22ωcoscosglω202F=GMmr2FGmmr=122=224/=7.310/-56060FGMmR2fmr=mRcosFF22φGMmR2GMmrmvrvGmr22==mgmg=mv2RvgR=vgR1=2221v2vv=FSPFS=phph=gh=ggh2PFS=11F=PSP=FSFFFSFFFF22112112121222121==SSSSS=WF=LL121=A=11pF1GOB=PAWAAWGOB=POAAA'AAOAOCA=WFRrFW=RrR=W2rWFRr=WF=1A=WF=2rr=2nnF=W2nW2rW2R-2r2RR-r122WFRRr=-GhF=h2LGhWFrr=12=WF=RRRrrr123123A=s2FdSs1∫2FSW0FP=WtW=FSP=FSt=F=FvP=WTstab∧∧==∧abbabFvPFvFvFvk=a=abcosP=FvPcos()P=WttP=FvvΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔtP=limW=FScosP=limlimlim=vt0t0t0t0PWtFSatFStaSt→→→→=coscosP=Frcos1=10=19.871=1/1=11052mv122mvIc1212022202Imcvcmcω--WEEmvmvEKKk=-=-=2112122212ΔFmaF=KxE=12Kx2PEGMmrg=-.1212121211222211222211221122mumumvmvmumumvmv+=++=+.vummmummummmumm12122212121111222=-++=-++()()vv-v=u-u.21221mmvmvmv121122vmvmvmm=++1122121xyFFFxyvvvtgvvxyyx=+=⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪-221txAcostxtφωωtT+=22TfT=1aKmxaKmx=-=-mF=-Kx1F=-KxaKmx=-TmK=2fKmfLC==1212KmCLTlg=2TJmgl=2EkA=122AAttT12==--+AAAetAetT1200ββ()=eTβΩ=-====-=-ωβωβΩφφ02000022222BBAFQQ00maxmax/BFmQFKQAx=A0cos1t+x=A0cos2t+12φφxxxAtt=+=-++1201212222cos()cos()ωωωωφAAt=-22012cosωωvvv=-=-ωω12122x1xmxnxmxnxxmn=+=-1vGvr==ρρvk=ρωωωωω11221212KKVGKKvgddK≠=--==ΚΔωΔyAtxuyAtxuyAxt1222=-=+=cos()cos()[cos]cosωωλωcoscos()22220214012xXKxxKKλλλλλ2AK012===+=λ2cost1vEp=vKp=vrRT=r110L=2n+1=01234IEr=42LII=lg0LIIdB=100lg()10W/m10lg10-1210-12dB-122=0121212322222mvmvTmvKTvTkT=3221210018059=1001809595325932==+=-(C)(F)FCCF()610.5TP=273.16KPPTV=273.16VVPVtrtrtrtrF=95+32C=F3259EArArpmmnn=-ArArmmnn-=FL=ΔΔESC00C=T2C0C=-T=2hrg=2PCRT==e=eWKTWKT00ΔΔrrrr=+20EOOEkkrallltlt=-00α=-VVVtt001273/-c=Vt-VVttn==-c=+cVVVttt-0dUUTdTUVdVCdTCCTVPdVVTVPVP=+=+--()()[()()]∂∂∂∂∂C=limTUΔΔΔ→QTC=QmTΔΔ%=100(..)12794455100%29%=151606.24Pa12.79B=1402.3232810060rQm=dPdTlTVV=-()21dPdT0VVdPdTVVdPdT212100η=QQ1η=-=-QQQQQ121211η=-QQQ312η=QQ3100%QQQQQQQQQQ31121312=--η=-=-TTTTT121211SSdQT2112-≥∫dSdQT≥aTPH=()∂∂Ta0221∂∂TPAMRTVV1121=ln()ΔΔUMCTMCTTVV221==-AMCTTV221=--()AMRTVV3234=lnQMRTVV2234=lnΔUMCTTV412=-()AMCTTV412=-()=-=-QQQQQ121211QMRTVV1121=lnQMRTVV2234=ln=-TVVTVVTVV121234121lnlnln=-=-=-QQQTTTTT1211212111TT21ε==-=-QAQQQTTT2213212ε==-QWQQQ2212ε=-TTT212ε=-TTT212η=-=-TTTTT121211TdQTdQT=∫0∫η=-≤-112121QQTTQQQTTT121121-≤-QTQT1122≤QTQT11220-≤QTQT11220+≤.dQT≤∫0d∫dQTdQTSSdQTABBAAB∫∫∫-=0ABSdQTdQTrBAAB+∫∫0dQTSSrBAAB∫=-dQTSSABAB+-∫0dQTSSBAAB-∫SSdQTBAAB-≥∫dQT≤∫0dSdQT≥C12112116112159994Cl5999412C12112a1v127315.01273a10p1273151273.PVTPVT111222=PVMRT=RPVKrr=27315.RPVK=0027315.φ32KT12KT12KTPahV2F=KQK1FQ1=13101-9Qr222-1208.8510/F=14140022122εεQQrf=KQQr122εEqEq=qE=qqqqFFEFEFEFqEFFE=EEEE121+++=∑nPPdlqQrrdA=Fdlcosdlcos=drF=KqQrdA=KqQdrrqPPA=KqQdrr=KqQ(lr-1r)qQ1222122rr1212FdlF∫1=11qUU=qq0εεUqKqqrqKqr===00E=UdabnEdUdnndUdn00=-12U=EdE=UdU=Aq===∫∫∫11000qFdlqFdlFdlUEdlEdlEppppppcosαUUEdlABAB-=∫(1)U==-dUdn(1)pp0EdlEn∫01222mvqU=12qv=2mvqUm/1v=2qU/mCCqU=cSdCLRRRRRRK==-=εεεε0021012210214lnC=4SdLRR12C=qU=+112UqUq=11C=1C+1C112+112CCqqqq12CqUqUqU==+12=+CC12I=qtIIUI=1RRU2I=URR=plSdRdR=pdlSRPdlS=∫=1p/W=IUtW=IRtW=U22tRP=IUP=IRP=U22RI=U-RIIR=U-U=IRIU=IIRIUI2ε2tQ=KtnUR2IURIURIURURURIURRnnn112221211===+++=++,(I=UR+1R1nR1R=11112RRRn+++RRRRR=+1212RR=R1RRRRRRRR23121323++IURii=5P=UR2nn=500100=5r=Rn-1IR=Irr=Rn-1nRIIn-1Ir=Rn-1RGGGrGGGrGGGU=IRIRR=UI-RmGmGmGmGmG10R=UP=220=121010R=121010=121R=R+2r=123I=UR-220123=1.82U=1.82=3.6220-3.6=216100R=R100=12R=14I=UR=22014=162U=2161=32220-32=188P=188=2922r2401210210P=216=3921210I=R+rε=IRIr=IRrI=R+rεI=rεv=EemtdvvEemJJQttnesllnesvISvISEemtntemmd=12I==nesln=ne=jjj=nev=ne=E=E=nJej=EJ=v=ne22()0122222+===ΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔλγλ222mvmvmvvEEjEEjLddledljdlIdlsIpdlsEdlUBABABABABABAABnej=neEjEne/2mj=dlBA=EIr222Aλλλσσσσ+=++===∫∫∫∫∫∫∫jdl=d=UIrEljdlIdlEdljdlEdljdlIdlsBABAσσσσσ====∫∫=r=rnRR=UIURRgmgmmgIURRRGX=++UIURRRGx=++dIdRURRRRdIdRxGxxx=-++()2R=0I=II=URRI/II/IxGmGmGm+=++++RIIRRRRRRRGGmGGXGxGm()()I/I=1I=II/I=1/2I=12GmGmGmIGmR0IURRRRGx=+++()0RRRR1234=RRRR=RR343143RRRRR1234=IRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRGG=-++++++()()()()()2314132424131324εv10/5uvuNNN222N2KeMnK=1FF∞MnmMFnQ=jATekT=-22ϕ/K=8.6210/-5φφφjCEeCehEEChmCEiae===-12112122322832φφφ/hEBBHBHB=HBH11218121