大学英语-翻译课件-名词及名词词组

LectureFourNounsandnounphrase为了庆祝James.Bond系列电影面世50周年，至本年底，英国NationalMotorMuseum特地举办了一个名为“BondinMotion”的展览，展示了James.Bond50台著名座驾，供影迷和车迷近距离观赏，尽情饱览其风采。IncelebrationofJamesBond’smonumental50thanniversarythisyear,50originalJamesBondvehicleshavebeenputonpublicdisplayuntilDecember2012,attheNationalMotorMuseum,givingfanstheopportunitytogetupclosetotheirfavoritefilmcarsfromthelast50years.Everyyear,SIHHservesasastageforCartiertoshowoffitstalent.Thisyearisnoexception.每年都以庞大阵容在SIHH上展示实力的卡地亚，今年同样毫不松懈。ClassificationofnounsNumberinnouns*4.1Classificationofnouns(student)ClassificationintermsofwordformationClassificationintermsoflexicalmeaningClassificationintermsofgrammaticalmeaning4.1.1ClassificationintermsofwordformationSimplenounCompoundnounDerivative4.1.2ClassificationintermsoflexicalmeaningCommonnounIndividualnounstudent,CollectivenounpeopleMaterialnounbookAbstractnounbeautyPropernoun4.1.3ClassificationintermsofgrammaticalmeaningCountablenounUncountablenoun4.2Numberinnouns4.2.1单、复数形式与单、复数概念英语中，单数和复数有形式和概念之分，而我们无论是在教学中还是在各类辞典中，很少把它们加以区分，统统把它们说成“单、复数”。其实，两者完全不同。单、复数形式指的是名词的数的形式；而单、复数概念指的是名词所表示的数的概念、意念或意义，英语里有三种数的概念，它们是单数概念、复数概念和零数概念。4.2.2单数形式表示复数概念police,people,cattle,militia,poultry,vermin，clergy(神职人员）,swine，publicfoliage,machinery,luggage,poetry,clothing,cutlery（餐具）,correspondence,vegetation（plantlife),company,mankind,manaudience,class,club,committee,company,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,jury,mob,staff,team,unionThepresentgovernment,whichhasn’tbeeninpowerlong,istryingtocontrolinflation.Itisn’thavingmuchsuccess.Thegovernment,whoarelookingforaquickvictory,arecallingforageneralelectionsoon.Theyexpecttobere-elected.Alotofpeoplearegivingthemtheirsupport.4.2.2单数形式表示复数概念4.2.3复数形式表示单数概念news,themovies，thewoods，arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes，phlebitis，billiards，dominoes，Athens,Naples,theUnitedNations，theUnitedStates,theNetherlands,physics,mechanics,optics,linguistics4.2.4复数名词做定语abookstore→twobookstoresBut:awomandoctor→twowomendoctors;agentlemanfarmer→threegentlemenfarmersNounadjectivesThatirondoorisforthecenterbuilding.Theglasswindowsletinthemorningsun.4.2.4复数名词做定语currenttendency:sportspage,abrainstrust,agamesperiod,studentsgroups，suggestionsbox,anawardsceremony,theContagiousDiseasesAct,thesamplesdepotIProperNounasAttributive美国政府theUnitedStatesgovernment核能标准委员会NuclearStandardsBoardII表示多层次意思的名词作定语anhonorsstudents优等生thecommoditiesfair商品交易会asavingbank储蓄银行III复数形式作单数用的名词作定语newsagencyamathematicsteacheraneconomicsdegreeIV名词单复数同时作定语，意思不变acustom(s)house海关theenquiry(enquiries)office问讯处atrouser(s)pocket裤袋VI意思不同的单复数名词作定语aglassesframe眼镜框aglassframe玻璃框armsrace军备竞赛anarmband臂章4.2.5一个名词与另一个名词在数上的一致性Jimisafriendofmine.But:Joeisnolongerfriendswithme.Youhavetheheadoftenpersons.1)地点名词做主语地点名词做主语时，相当于一个地点状语，因此也就没有数的概念。Hisroomisallbooksandbottles.(Therearebooksandbottleseverywhereintheroom)Theareaismainlymarshes.Myfamilyismostlyscholars.2)在一些固定搭配中Jimmadefacesatme.Jimmadefriendswithme.Womenhaveaneyeforfashion.Theplayersallhadadroptoomuch.Girlshaveasweettooth.3)表示独一无二、只有一个的意义或避免误解Threeofthestudentsgavetheiranswerimmediately.Husbandsshouldcarefortheirwife.Somepeopleusetheirlefthand.Allmemberssignedtheirname.MoststudentscastavoteforTom.Whenpeoplecomeintheymustshowtheirticket.4)不可数名词、表示抽象意义的名词Scientistsmusttrytousetheirintellecttothegreatestadvantage.Itaffectedthelifeofmanyworkers.Fewhouseshavefurniture.Thestudentsshowedhonesty.5)泛指一类事物或表示类别时冬天人们要戴帽子。Camels（主要名词）haveahump（次要名词）ontheirback（次要名词）.Carrotsaremyfavouritevagetable.Peoplearenowleadingahappylife.Mosthouseshaveafire-escape.Manyfamilieskeepadog.Practice:公鸡有冠。一些亚洲人用手吃饭，不用筷子。狗有敏锐的听觉（ear)。4.2.6名词的单数形式与复数形式意思不同单数形式（不可数）复数形式（可数/不可数）ironirons锁链，手铐sandsands沙地stonestoneseggeggslamblambsoniononionscoffeecoffeeswaterwatersgroundgroundsforceforcescompasscompassespaperpapersworkworksartartscustomcustoms